search
HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialSQL Server架构----数据库事务

SQL Server架构----数据库事务

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:48 PM
serversqlaffairsdatabaseArchitecture

ACID属性 事务是数据库的工作单元,通常包含一些读/写数据库的命令。一个工作单元要完成事务,必须满足ACID(原子性、一致性、隔离性和持久性)属性。 原子性(Atomicity): 意味着该事务的所有影响必须成功完成或者修改回滚。比如你去ATM取款,要么成功取

ACID属性

事务是数据库的工作单元,通常包含一些读/写数据库的命令。一个工作单元要完成事务,必须满足ACID(原子性、一致性、隔离性和持久性)属性。

原子性(Atomicity):意味着该事务的所有影响必须成功完成或者修改回滚。比如你去ATM取款,要么成功取出钱同时账户余额减少,要么取钱失败且余额不变。

一致性(Consistency):它要确保事务不能破坏数据库的完整性规则,必须使数据库处于一致的状态。比如你的系统要求库存水平不能为负值,性别栏位必须是男性或女性。为了保持一致,一个事务决不能破坏数据的任何限制或规则。

隔离性(Isolation):隔离是指保持运行未完成的事务的变化,同时独立于另一个。每个事务必须完全独立,并且它所做的更改不能被其他事务可读,即便SQL Server允许你通过改变隔离级别来寻求业务和性能要求之间的平衡。

持久性(Durability):一旦事务被提交,即使系统发生故障也要持续,对系统的影响是永久性的。在SQL Server中,事务提交之前,事务所做的更改相关的信息就被写入了事务日志。

SQL Server事务

在SQL Server中,有两种类型的事务,隐式和显式。它们的区别仅在于创建的方式不同。

隐式事务由SQL Server自动使用,目的是确保单一命令的ACID属性。例如,如果你写一个Update语句去更新10行,SQL Server会以隐式事务来执行它,以便应用ACID属性,这10行要么全部更新,要么都不更新。

显示事务是通过使用BEGIN TRANSACTION T-SQL命令启动,并通过使用COMMIT TRANSACTIONROLLBACK TRANSACTION命令来停止。

有效地提交一个事务,意味着使事务做的修改永久化,反之,回滚一个事务意味着撤消事务中所做的所有修改。显示事务常用于这种情况,即你想把ACID属性应用到一组更改,这些更改当成一个整体;如果业务逻辑需要你取消变更时,你也能够在任何时候回滚。

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
What are stored procedures in MySQL?What are stored procedures in MySQL?May 01, 2025 am 12:27 AM

Stored procedures are precompiled SQL statements in MySQL for improving performance and simplifying complex operations. 1. Improve performance: After the first compilation, subsequent calls do not need to be recompiled. 2. Improve security: Restrict data table access through permission control. 3. Simplify complex operations: combine multiple SQL statements to simplify application layer logic.

How does query caching work in MySQL?How does query caching work in MySQL?May 01, 2025 am 12:26 AM

The working principle of MySQL query cache is to store the results of SELECT query, and when the same query is executed again, the cached results are directly returned. 1) Query cache improves database reading performance and finds cached results through hash values. 2) Simple configuration, set query_cache_type and query_cache_size in MySQL configuration file. 3) Use the SQL_NO_CACHE keyword to disable the cache of specific queries. 4) In high-frequency update environments, query cache may cause performance bottlenecks and needs to be optimized for use through monitoring and adjustment of parameters.

What are the advantages of using MySQL over other relational databases?What are the advantages of using MySQL over other relational databases?May 01, 2025 am 12:18 AM

The reasons why MySQL is widely used in various projects include: 1. High performance and scalability, supporting multiple storage engines; 2. Easy to use and maintain, simple configuration and rich tools; 3. Rich ecosystem, attracting a large number of community and third-party tool support; 4. Cross-platform support, suitable for multiple operating systems.

How do you handle database upgrades in MySQL?How do you handle database upgrades in MySQL?Apr 30, 2025 am 12:28 AM

The steps for upgrading MySQL database include: 1. Backup the database, 2. Stop the current MySQL service, 3. Install the new version of MySQL, 4. Start the new version of MySQL service, 5. Recover the database. Compatibility issues are required during the upgrade process, and advanced tools such as PerconaToolkit can be used for testing and optimization.

What are the different backup strategies you can use for MySQL?What are the different backup strategies you can use for MySQL?Apr 30, 2025 am 12:28 AM

MySQL backup policies include logical backup, physical backup, incremental backup, replication-based backup, and cloud backup. 1. Logical backup uses mysqldump to export database structure and data, which is suitable for small databases and version migrations. 2. Physical backups are fast and comprehensive by copying data files, but require database consistency. 3. Incremental backup uses binary logging to record changes, which is suitable for large databases. 4. Replication-based backup reduces the impact on the production system by backing up from the server. 5. Cloud backups such as AmazonRDS provide automation solutions, but costs and control need to be considered. When selecting a policy, database size, downtime tolerance, recovery time, and recovery point goals should be considered.

What is MySQL clustering?What is MySQL clustering?Apr 30, 2025 am 12:28 AM

MySQLclusteringenhancesdatabaserobustnessandscalabilitybydistributingdataacrossmultiplenodes.ItusestheNDBenginefordatareplicationandfaulttolerance,ensuringhighavailability.Setupinvolvesconfiguringmanagement,data,andSQLnodes,withcarefulmonitoringandpe

How do you optimize database schema design for performance in MySQL?How do you optimize database schema design for performance in MySQL?Apr 30, 2025 am 12:27 AM

Optimizing database schema design in MySQL can improve performance through the following steps: 1. Index optimization: Create indexes on common query columns, balancing the overhead of query and inserting updates. 2. Table structure optimization: Reduce data redundancy through normalization or anti-normalization and improve access efficiency. 3. Data type selection: Use appropriate data types, such as INT instead of VARCHAR, to reduce storage space. 4. Partitioning and sub-table: For large data volumes, use partitioning and sub-table to disperse data to improve query and maintenance efficiency.

How can you optimize MySQL performance?How can you optimize MySQL performance?Apr 30, 2025 am 12:26 AM

TooptimizeMySQLperformance,followthesesteps:1)Implementproperindexingtospeedupqueries,2)UseEXPLAINtoanalyzeandoptimizequeryperformance,3)Adjustserverconfigurationsettingslikeinnodb_buffer_pool_sizeandmax_connections,4)Usepartitioningforlargetablestoi

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

WebStorm Mac version

WebStorm Mac version

Useful JavaScript development tools

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

PhpStorm Mac version

PhpStorm Mac version

The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function