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Python DB-API是Python的数据库应用程序接口,支持包括Oracle,MySQL,DB2,MSSQL,Sybase等主流数据库,但不同的数据库,需要下载不同的模块,比如说:MySQLdb模块支持MySQL. 虽然模不一样,但所有这些API执行步骤是一致的: 1. 导入API模 2. 获取与数据库的连接

Python DB-API是Python的数据库应用程序接口,支持包括Oracle,MySQL,DB2,MSSQL,Sybase等主流数据库,但不同的数据库,需要下载不同的模块,比如说:MySQLdb模块支持MySQL. 虽然模不一样,但所有这些API执行步骤是一致的:

1. 导入API模
2. 获取与数据库的连接.
3. 发出SQL语句和存储过程.
4. 关闭连接


下面以MySQLdb模块来做说明:

安装

首先必须安装。Windows下载链接:http://www.codegood.com/archives/4


插入

#导入相关模块
import MySQLdb

#建立和mysql数据库的连接
dbconn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='abcd')
#获取游标
cursor = dbconn.cursor()
#执行SQL,创建一个数据库
cursor.execute("drop database if exists test")
cursor.execute("create database test")
#选择连接哪个数据库
dbconn.select_db('test')
#引入异常处理
try:
    #执行SQL,创建一个表
	cursor.execute("create table log(id int,message varchar(50))")
    #插入一条记录
	value = [0,"Log Information ID is:0"]
	cursor.execute("insert into log values(%s,%s)",value)
    #插入多条记录
	values = []
	for i in range(1,11):
		values.append((i,'Log Information ID is:' + str(i)))
	cursor.executemany("insert into log values(%s,%s)",values)
    #提交修改                               
	dbconn.commit()
except:
    #如果执行SQL语句有错,则回滚!
	dbconn.rollback()
#关闭游标连接,释放资源
cursor.close()
#关闭连接
dbconn.close()

查询

数据库建立连接后,可以使用fetchone()方法来获取单个记录或者fetchAll方法fetech从数据库表的多个值. 
fetchone(): 这种方法获取查询结果集的下一行。结果集是一个对象时,将返回一个游标对象用于查询表.
fetchall(): 这种方法获取结果集的所有行。如果某些行已经从结果集中提取,fetchAll()方法检索结果集的其余行.
rowcount: 这是一个只读属性,返回受影响的行数execute()方法.

#导入模块
import MySQLdb  

#也可以将数据库名放到Connect()
dbconn = MySQLdb.Connection('127.0.0.1', 'root', 'abcd', 'test')  
cursor = dbconn.cursor()  
count = cursor.execute('select * from log')  
print '总共有 %s 条记录',count  
 
#获取一条记录,每条记录做为一个元组返回  
print "只获取一条记录:" 
result = cursor.fetchone();  
print result 
print 'ID: %s   Log Info: %s' % result   
 
#获取5条记录,注意由于之前执行有了fetchone(),所以游标已经指到第二条记录了,也就是从第二条开始的所有记录  
print "只获取5条记录:" 
results = cursor.fetchmany(5)  
for res in results:  
    print res  
 
print "获取所有结果:" 
#重置游标位置,0,为偏移量,mode=absolute | relative,默认为relative,  
cursor.scroll(0,mode='absolute')  
#获取所有结果  
results = cursor.fetchall()  
for res in results:  
    print res  
dbconn.close()  
C:\Work\Python\Learn>python select.py
总共有 %s 条记录 11
只获取一条记录:
(0L, 'Log Information ID is:0')
ID: 0   Log Info: Log Information ID is:0
只获取5条记录:
(1L, 'Log Information ID is:1')
(2L, 'Log Information ID is:2')
(3L, 'Log Information ID is:3')
(4L, 'Log Information ID is:4')
(5L, 'Log Information ID is:5')
获取所有结果:
(0L, 'Log Information ID is:0')
(1L, 'Log Information ID is:1')
(2L, 'Log Information ID is:2')
(3L, 'Log Information ID is:3')
(4L, 'Log Information ID is:4')
(5L, 'Log Information ID is:5')
(6L, 'Log Information ID is:6')
(7L, 'Log Information ID is:7')
(8L, 'Log Information ID is:8')
(9L, 'Log Information ID is:9')
(10L, 'Log Information ID is:10')



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