工具的使用步骤请参考 OpenLayers系列(1)——入门示例 一节。 多图层地图的构成 多图层的地图由两种图层构成: base layer 和 overlay layer 。 Base layer: 任何一个地图中都存在至少一个图层,否则你的应用将呈现空白,我们把最基本的一个图层称为base lay
工具的使用步骤请参考 OpenLayers系列(1)——入门示例 一节。
多图层地图的构成
多图层的地图由两种图层构成:base layer 和overlay layer 。
Base layer: 任何一个地图中都存在至少一个图层,否则你的应用将呈现空白,我们把最基本的一个图层称为base layer。Base layer不止一种或一个,你可以选择任意一个图层作为应用的base layer,但是任何时候base layer都只能有一个是turn on的,如果程序在打开一个base layer时发现已经存在另一个打开着的base layer,则应用会关掉之前的base layer而使用最近打开的一个。所以base layer在地图中的概念就像是(radio button)一个单选按钮。
Overlay layer: 非base layer的图层统称为overlay layer。应用中可使用并同时打开任何多的overlay layer,你可以使用参数设置该层是否显示。Overlay layer在地图中的概念就像是(checkbox)多选框。
以上概念你可以在OpenLayers提供的一个图层切换器上形象地看到。
示例1
以下是一个包含两个图层和图层切换器的示例,该示例在base layer上加上了国家,城市,洲名层:
打开图层切换器:
示例1代码:
<meta charset="utf-8"> <title>My OpenLayers Map</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="OpenLayers.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var map; function init() { map = new OpenLayers.Map('map_element', {});//初始化map对象 var wms_layer_map = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS( //定义第一个层 'Base layer', 'http://vmap0.tiles.osgeo.org/wms/vmap0', {layers: 'basic'},//向map server请求basic层 {isBaseLayer: true}//设置该层为basic层 ); var wms_layer_labels = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS(//定义第二个层 'Location Labels', 'http://vmap0.tiles.osgeo.org/wms/vmap0', {layers: 'clabel,ctylabel,statelabel', transparent: true}, {opacity: .5}//设置透明度为50% ); map.addLayers([wms_layer_map, wms_layer_labels]);//以数组形式将多个层加入map对象 map.addControl(new OpenLayers.Control.LayerSwitcher({}));//添加一个层切换器 if(!map.getCenter()){ map.zoomToMaxExtent(); } } </script> <div id="map_element" style="width: 500px; height: 500px;"> </div>
示例2
示例2主要展示部分图层参数的效果,该示例一共有5个图层,第个图层有不同效果,可以不断放大查看。
代码如下:
<meta charset="utf-8"> <title>My OpenLayers Map</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="OpenLayers.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var map; function init() { map = new OpenLayers.Map('map_element', {}); var wms_layer_map = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS(//base layer 'Base layer', 'http://vmap0.tiles.osgeo.org/wms/vmap0', {layers: 'basic'}, {isBaseLayer: true} ); var wms_layer_labels = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS(//国家,洲,城市名层 'Location Labels', 'http://vmap0.tiles.osgeo.org/wms/vmap0', {layers: 'clabel,ctylabel,statelabel', transparent: true}, {visibility: false, opacity:0.5}//默认不显示该层(但可以图层切换器中打开) ); var wms_state_lines = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS(//洲界层 'State Line Layer', 'http://labs.metacarta.com/wms/vmap0', {layers: 'stateboundary', transparent: true}, {displayInLayerSwitcher: false, //设置该层不显示在图层切换器中 minScale: 13841995.078125}//设置一个最小尺度,只有当地图在缩放时达到这个最小尺度时才显示该图层信息 ); var wms_water_depth = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS( 'Water Depth', 'http://labs.metacarta.com/wms/vmap0', {layers: 'depthcontour', transparent: true}, {opacity:0.8} ); var wms_roads = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS( 'Roads', 'http://labs.metacarta.com/wms/vmap0', {layers: 'priroad,secroad,rail', transparent: true}, {transistionEffect:'resize'}//让该图层在缩放时呈现重新计算的效果 ); map.addLayers([ wms_layer_map, wms_layer_labels, wms_state_lines, wms_water_depth, wms_roads]); map.addControl(new OpenLayers.Control.LayerSwitcher({})); if(!map.getCenter()){ map.zoomToMaxExtent(); } } </script> <div id="map_element" style="width: 500px; height: 500px;"> </div>

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MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

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