VC++对Access数据库的操作(查询、插入、更新、删除等)
Microsoft Office Access是由 微软 发布的 关系 数据库 管理系统 。 Access 数据库 常应用于小型软件系统中, 比如: 生产管理 、 销售管理 、 库存管理 等各类企业管理软件,其最大的优点是:简单易学、使用灵活。 下面我们结合实例来详细说明,在VC MFC中
Microsoft Office Access是由微软发布的关系数据库管理系统。Access数据库常应用于小型软件系统中,比如:生产管理、销售管理、库存管理等各类企业管理软件,其最大的优点是:简单易学、使用灵活。
下面我们结合实例来详细说明,在VC++ MFC中,如何使用Access数据库文件进行数据的存储,如何实现对数据库中数据的查询、插入、更新和删除等操作。
(实例可在我的CSDN资源中下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/margin1988/8235865)
首先,怎样创建一个可供VC++ MFC程序使用的Access数据库,并在该数据库中创建数据表呢?
第一步:打开Microsoft Office Access软件,点击“空白数据库”;
第二步:设置预创建空白数据库的文件名和文件类型(文件名:point32.mdb,文件类型:Microsoft Office Access 2000 数据库(*.mdb));
第三步:“创建”空白数据库;
第四步:为该数据库“设置数据库密码”(本例中密码设置为:1234);
第五步:在该数据库中创建一张表,例如:TestTab(编号,姓名,性别,年龄);
第六步:表创建完成后,保存并关闭数据库,然后将该数据库文件(point32.mdb)剪切到你的VC++程序debug或release目录中,则准备工作完成。
其次,在VC++ MFC中编写对该数据库中TestTab表进行数据查询、插入、更新、删除等操作的方法:
(1)导入才用ado方式访问Access数据库所需的DLL
#import "C:\Program Files\Common Files\system\ado\msado15.dll" no_namespace rename("EOF","adoEOF")//ado访问ACCESS<strong>数据库</strong>必需
(2)在程序的入口函数中,初始化OLE以支持应用程序
AfxOleInit();
(3)获取应用程序(EXE)所在路径
CString path;//应用程序所在路径 char filepath[256]; char* pPath; GetModuleFileName(AfxGetInstanceHandle(),filepath,256); pPath = strrchr(filepath,'\\'); *pPath = 0; path = filepath;
(4)创建数据库访问连接字符串
char* PtConnectStr;//<strong>数据库</strong>连接字符串 CString connstr = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="; connstr += path; connstr += "\\point32.mdb"; connstr += ";Jet OLEDB:Database Password='1234'"; PtConnectStr = connstr.GetBuffer(0);
(5)查询TestTab表中数据方法实现
//<strong>查询</strong>表中数据,并显示在List Control控件中 void CPoint32Dlg::ReadUserInfo() { //select m_list.DeleteAllItems();//清空列表 _ConnectionPtr m_pConnection; _RecordsetPtr m_pRecordset; try { m_pConnection.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Connection)); m_pConnection->Open(PtConnectStr,"","",adModeUnknown); } catch(_com_error e) { CString errormessage; errormessage.Format("<strong>数据库</strong>连接失败.\r错误信息:%s",e.ErrorMessage()); //AfxMessageBox(errormessage); MessageBox(errormessage,"连接失败",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); if(m_pConnection->State) m_pConnection->Close(); return; } try { //获取数据,放在数据集中 CString cmd; cmd.Format("SELECT * FROM TestTab"); m_pRecordset.CreateInstance("ADODB.Recordset"); m_pRecordset->Open(cmd.GetBuffer(), _variant_t((IDispatch*)m_pConnection,true), adOpenStatic, adLockOptimistic, adCmdText); //处理数据,并显示 _variant_t varbuffer; long index = 0;//注意:必须是long类型 int countItem = 0; CString str; while(!m_pRecordset->adoEOF) { index = 0; //读ID号 varbuffer = m_pRecordset->GetCollect(_variant_t(index)); if(varbuffer.vt!=VT_NULL) { str.Format("%d",varbuffer.lVal); m_list.InsertItem(countItem,str.GetBuffer()); } //读其它的信息 while(index GetCollect(_variant_t(index)); if(varbuffer.vt!=VT_NULL) { str = (LPCTSTR)(_bstr_t)varbuffer; m_list.SetItemText(countItem,index,str.GetBuffer()); } } m_pRecordset->MoveNext(); countItem++; } } catch(_com_error &e) { //AfxMessageBox(e.Description()); MessageBox(e.Description(),"<strong>数据库</strong><strong>操作</strong>失败.",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); if(m_pRecordset->State) m_pRecordset->Close(); if(m_pConnection->State) m_pConnection->Close(); return; } if(m_pRecordset->State) m_pRecordset->Close(); if(m_pConnection->State) m_pConnection->Close(); }
(6)向TestTab表中插入数据方法实现
//向表中<strong>插入</strong>数据,并<strong>更新</strong>List Control控件中显示的数据 void CPoint32Dlg::OnBnClickedButton1() { //insert _ConnectionPtr m_pConnection; _variant_t RecordsAffected; try { m_pConnection.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Connection)); m_pConnection->Open(PtConnectStr,"","",adModeUnknown); } catch(_com_error e) { CString errormessage; errormessage.Format("<strong>数据库</strong>连接失败.\r错误信息:%s",e.ErrorMessage()); MessageBox(errormessage," 添加失败 ",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return; } try { CString strCmd="INSERT INTO TestTab(UName,UGender,UAge) VALUES('测试者','男','30')"; for(int i=0;iExecute(strCmd.AllocSysString(),&RecordsAffected,adCmdText); } } catch(_com_error &e) { //AfxMessageBox(e.Description()); MessageBox(e.Description()," 添加失败 ",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); if(m_pConnection->State) m_pConnection->Close(); return; } if(m_pConnection->State) m_pConnection->Close(); //MessageBox("添加成功!","消息"); m_update.EnableWindow(TRUE); m_delete.EnableWindow(TRUE); ReadUserInfo(); }
(7)更新TestTab表中数据方法实现
//<strong>更新</strong>表中数据,并<strong>更新</strong>List Control控件的显示 void CPoint32Dlg::OnBnClickedButton3() { // update _ConnectionPtr m_pConnection; _variant_t RecordsAffected; try { m_pConnection.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Connection)); m_pConnection->Open(PtConnectStr,"","",adModeUnknown); } catch(_com_error e) { CString errormessage; errormessage.Format("<strong>数据库</strong>连接失败.\r错误信息:%s",e.ErrorMessage()); MessageBox(errormessage," 修改失败 ",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return; } try { CString strCmd="UPDATE TestTab SET [UGender]='女',[UAge]='20' WHERE [UName]='测试者'"; m_pConnection->Execute(strCmd.AllocSysString(),&RecordsAffected,adCmdText); } catch(_com_error &e) { //AfxMessageBox(e.Description()); MessageBox(e.Description()," 修改失败 ",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); if(m_pConnection->State) m_pConnection->Close(); return; } if(m_pConnection->State) m_pConnection->Close(); //MessageBox("修改成功!","消息"); ReadUserInfo(); }
(8)删除TestTab表中数据及重置表中自动编号主键(key)方法现实
//<strong>删除</strong>表中数据、重置自动编号(从1开始),并<strong>更新</strong>List Control控件显示 void CPoint32Dlg::OnBnClickedButton4() { // delete _ConnectionPtr m_pConnection; _variant_t RecordsAffected; try { m_pConnection.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Connection)); m_pConnection->Open(PtConnectStr,"","",adModeUnknown); } catch(_com_error e) { CString errormessage; errormessage.Format("连接<strong>数据库</strong>失败!\r错误信息:%s",e.ErrorMessage()); MessageBox(errormessage,"<strong>删除</strong>失败",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return; } try { //<strong>删除</strong>表中所有数据 CString strCmd="DELETE FROM TestTab"; m_pConnection->Execute(strCmd.AllocSysString(),&RecordsAffected,adCmdText); //重置表中自动编号ID,使其从1开始增加(必须先<strong>删除</strong>表中所有数据) strCmd="ALTER TABLE TestTab ALTER COLUMN ID COUNTER(1,1)"; m_pConnection->Execute(strCmd.AllocSysString(),&RecordsAffected,adCmdText); } catch(_com_error &e) { //AfxMessageBox(e.Description()); MessageBox(e.Description(),"<strong>删除</strong>失败",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); if(m_pConnection->State) m_pConnection->Close(); return; } if(m_pConnection->State) m_pConnection->Close(); //MessageBox("<strong>删除</strong>成功!","完成"); m_insert.EnableWindow(TRUE); m_update.EnableWindow(FALSE); m_delete.EnableWindow(FALSE); ReadUserInfo(); }

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