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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialDBI模块操作数据库示例

DBI模块操作数据库示例

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:42 PM
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Perl中一个很重要的模块就是DBI模块(Perl Database Interface,数据库接口)。DBI模块为很多不同的数据库提供了一个统一的接口。Perl通过此接口可以很容易对数据库进行操作。结构图如下: 下面说下Perl如何对MySQL数据库进行操作。 1. 首先要确保Perl及MySQL

Perl中一个很重要的模块就是DBI模块(Perl Database Interface,数据库接口)。DBI模块为很多不同的数据库提供了一个统一的接口。Perl通过此接口可以很容易对数据库进行操作。结构图如下:

DBI模块操作数据库示例

下面说下Perl如何对MySQL数据库进行操作。


1. 首先要确保Perl及MySQL数据库已经安装。然后用cpan或者是ppm图形化界面来安装.

cpan> install DBI        #安装数据库模块
cpan> install DBD::mysql #安装数据库驱动  


2. 然后准备测试用数据库脚本: (admin.sql)

C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\bin> mysql -u root -pabcd <c: drop database if exists admin create use table admin_info admin_id int auto_increment not null primary key admin_user varchar admin_pwd insert into values><br>
<span><strong>3. 准备连数据库脚本:(Conn_Mysql.pl)</strong></span>


<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">#!C:\Perl\bin\perl -w
#导入DBI模块
use DBI;
use utf8;
use strict;
use warnings;

#连接数据库
my $dbdrive = "mysql";
my $dbname = "admin";
my $hostname = "localhost";
my $port = "3306";   #MySQL数据库缺省端口
my $database = "DBI:$dbdrive:$dbname:$hostname:$port";

my $db_user = "root";
my $db_pwd = "abcd";
my $dbh = DBI->connect($database,$db_user,$db_pwd) or die DBI::errstr;

#执行插入操作
my $rows = $dbh->do("insert into admin_info(admin_id,admin_user,admin_pwd) 
                    VALUES (003, 'root', 'root')");
print "$rows row(s) affected!\n";

#执行查询操作
my $sth = $dbh->prepare("select * from admin_info");
$sth->execute();

#通过结果集进行迭代,并打印
while(my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) {
print "admin_id: $ref->{'admin_id'}\n";
print "admin_user: $ref->{'admin_user'}\n";
print "admin_pwd: $ref->{'admin_pwd'}\n";
print "----------n";
}

#结束会话连接
$dbh->disconnect();

4. 结果如下:

DBI模块操作数据库示例

总结:

1. 使用connect()函数建立数据库连接。

2. 使用do()或prepare()以及execute()函数进行插入,查询,删除,更新操作

3. 使用fetchrow_hashref()函数,配合while,将遍历数据,方便打印操作

4. 使用disconnect()函数,断开数据库连接,结束文件句柄

总体来说,跟其他语言连数据库操作步骤类似。


其他标志说明:

Perl推荐使用下列标志作为约定

  $dsn    数据库源名
  $dbh    数据库处理对象
  $sth    处理对象声明
  $h      任意上述三种处理类型 ($dbh, $sth, or $drh)
  $rc     通用返回代码(boolean: true=ok, false=error)
  $rv     通用返回值(通常为一个整数)
  @ary    数据库中返回的数据列表
  $rows   要处理的行数(如果行数不存在的话,返回值为:-1)
  $fh     文件句柄
  undef   NULL值在Perl中表示未定义的值 
  \%attr  引用哈希属性值传给方法


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