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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialSQL Server,MySQL,Oracle,PostgreSQL中常用函数用法(1)日

练习使用Hibernate没有用MySQL数据库,而是用了前不久接触的PostgreSQL,由于不同的数据对于相同的操作有各自的函数,MySQL的date_format(),在PostgreSQL中是没有的,google一番发现原来是要用to_char()。 搜索到一篇英文文章《Executing Common SQL Coding

         练习使用Hibernate没有用MySQL数据库,而是用了前不久接触的PostgreSQL,由于不同的数据对于相同的操作有各自的函数,MySQL的date_format(),在PostgreSQL中是没有的,google一番发现原来是要用to_char()。

        搜索到一篇英文文章《Executing Common  SQL Coding Tasks Using Function Calls》(常用SQL函数调用的区别),其中列出了如:MS SQL Server、MySQL、Oracle、PostgreSQL,这几个常用数据库中的常用函数。

        边翻译加自己的补充,分成几个文章共享给大家。方便以后的使用。

日期操作

 

1. 获取当前日期和时间

  • SQL Server

getdate()函数   (返回当前的日期和时间)

<span>SELECT GETDATE()
GO</span>


  •  MySQL

curdate()函数(返回当前的日期)

now()函数 (返回当前的日期和时间)

<span>SELECT CURDATE()

</span>
  • Oracle

sysdate (返回服务器时间)

<span>SELECT SYSDATE 
FROM dual;
</span>
  • PostgreSQL

current_date (返回当天的日期)

current_timestamp  (返回日期和时间)

now()  (返回当前的日期和时间,等效于 current_timestamp)

<span>SELECT CURRENT_DATE;
</span>


【注意】

  1. 以上的函数都是不需要参数的。
  2. Oraclecurrent_datesysdate都是现实当前时间,结果基本相同,但是也有区别:
      a.  urrent_date返回的是当前会话时间,sysdate
    返回的是服务器时间。
     b. current_date有时候比sysdate
    快一秒,这可能是四舍五入的结果。
     c. 如果修改当前会话的时区,比如将中国的时区为东八区,修改为东九区,则current_date显示的时间为东九区时间,根据东加西减的原则,current_date应该比sysdate快一小时.


2. 操作时间的获取子域。比如:年、月、日、小时等等。

  • SQL Server:datepart(datepart,date)
SELECT DATEPART(dw, GETDATE())
GO

*  datepart()函数可以方便的取到日期中的各个部分,如日期:2012-12-05 151536.513


yy 取年:2012
mm 取月:12
dd 取月中的天:5
dy 取年中的天:340
wk 取年中的周:50
dw 取周中的天:4
qq 取年中的季度:4
hh 取小时:15
mi 取分钟:15
ss 取秒:36


  • MySQL:dayofmonth(date)返回对应的工作日名称
SELECT DAYNAME('1998-02-03');
->'周四'

  • Oracle:to_char(date,'格式')

SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'Day') 
FROM dual;

  • PostgreSQL:date_part(text,timestamp)

SELECT DATE_PART('dow', date 'now');


3. 两个时间的间隔

  • SQLServer

SELECT DATADIFF(dd,'1/1/01',GETDATE())
GO

  • MySQL

SELECT FROM_DAYS(TO_DAYS(CURDATE()) - TO_DAYS('2012-12-05'));

  • Oracle

SELECT TO_DATE('25-Nov-2000','dd-mon-yyyy') - TO_DATE('25-Aug-1969','dd-mon-yyyy')
FROM dual;

  • PostgreSQL

SELECT AGE(CURRENT_DATE,'25-Aug-1969');


4. 日期格式化(Mon,DD,YYYY;mm/dd/yy;dd/mm/yy;等等)

  • SQL Server

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(11),GETDATE(),102)
GO

  • MySQL

SELECT DATE_FORMAT("2001-11-25","%M %E,%Y");

  • Oracle

ELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'dd-Mon-yyyy hh:mi,ss PM')
FROM dual;

  • PostgreSQL

SELECT TO_CHAR(timestamp(CURRENT_DATE),'dd-Mon-yyyy hh:mi:ss PM')



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