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Mysql 高负载排查思路

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:40 PM
mysqltopOrderIdeastroubleshootingloadhigh load

发现问题 top命令 查看服务器负载,发现 mysql竟然 百分之两百的cpu ,引起Mysql 负载这么高的原因,估计是 索引问题和某些变态SQL语句. 排查思路 1. 确定高负载的类型,top命令看 负载高是CPU还是IO 。 2. mysql 下执行 查看当前的连接数与执行的sql 语句 。 3.

发现问题 
top命令 查看服务器负载,发现 mysql竟然百分之两百的cpu,引起Mysql 负载这么高的原因,估计是索引问题和某些变态SQL语句. 

排查思路 
1. 确定高负载的类型,top命令看负载高是CPU还是IO。 
2. mysql 下执行查看当前的连接数与执行的sql 语句。 
3. 检查慢查询日志,可能是慢查询引起负载高。 
4. 检查硬件问题,是否磁盘故障问题造成的。 
5. 检查监控平台,对比此机器不同时间的负载。 

确定负载类型(top)

<ol>
<li><span><span>top - 10:14:18 up 23 days, 11:01,  1 user, </span><span>load average: 124.17, 55.88, 24.70 </span></span></li>
<li><span>Tasks: 138 total,   1 running, 137 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie </span></li>
<li><span>Cpu(s):  2.4%us,  1.0%sy,  0.0%ni, 95.2%id,  2.0%wa,  0.1%hi,  0.2%si,  0.0%st </span></li>
<li><span>Mem:   3090528k total,  2965772k used,   124756k free,    93332k buffers </span></li>
<li><span>Swap:  4192956k total,  2425132k used,  1767824k free,   756524k cached </span></li>
<li><span>           </span></li>
<li><span>PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND </span></li>
<li><span>30833 mysql     15   0 6250m 2.5g 4076 S <span>257.1</span> 49.9 529:34.45 mysqld  </span></li>
</ol>


查看当前的连接数与执行的sql 语句

<ol>
<li><span>show processlist; </span></li>
<li><span>Id  User    Host    db  Command Time    State   Info </span></li>
<li><span>192 slave   8.8.8.142:39820 NULL    Binlog Dump 58982   Has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated  NULL </span></li>
<li><span>194 slave   8.8.8.120:41075 NULL    Binlog Dump 58982   Has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated  NULL </span></li>
<li><span>424891 biotherm    8.8.8.46:57861  biotherm    Query   493 Sending data    SELECT * FROM xxx_list WHERE <span>tid</span><span> = </span><span>'1112'</span><span>  AND </span><span>del</span><span> = </span><span>0</span><span>  ORDER BY  id </span></span></li>
<li><span>DESC  LIMIT 0, 4 </span></li>
<li><span>424917 biotherm    8.8.8.49:50984  biotherm    Query   488 Sending data    SELECT * FROM xxx_list WHERE <span>tid</span><span> = </span><span>'1112'</span><span>  AND </span><span>del</span><span> = </span><span>0</span><span>  ORDER BY  id </span></span></li>
<li><span>DESC  LIMIT 0, 4 </span></li>
<li><span>.............................................. </span></li>
<li><span>430330 biotherm    8.8.8.42:35982  biotherm    Query   487 Sending data    SELECT * FROM xxx_list WHERE <span>tid</span><span> = </span><span>'1112'</span><span>  AND </span><span>del</span><span> = </span><span>0</span><span>  </span></span></li>
</ol>


记录慢查询 
编辑Mysql 配置文件(my.cnf),在[mysqld]字段添加以下几行:

<ol>
<li><span><span>log_slow_queries</span><span> = /usr/local/mysql/var/slow_queries.log   #慢查询日志路径 </span></span></li>
<li><span><span>long_query_time</span><span> = </span><span>10</span><span>                                       #记录SQL查询超过10s的语句 </span></span></li>
<li><span><span>log-queries-not-using-indexes</span><span> = </span><span>1</span><span>                          #记录没有使用索引的sql </span></span></li>
</ol>


查看慢查询日志

<ol>
<li><span>tail /usr/local/mysql/var/slow_queries.log </span></li>
<li><span># Time: 130305  9:48:13 </span></li>
<li><span># User@Host: biotherm[biotherm] @  [8.8.8.45] </span></li>
<li><span># Query_time: 1294.881407  Lock_time: 0.000179 Rows_sent: 4  Rows_examined: 1318033 </span></li>
<li><span>SET <span>timestamp</span><span>=</span><span>1363916893</span><span>; </span></span></li>
<li><span>SELECT * FROM xxx_list WHERE <span>tid</span><span> = </span><span>'11xx'</span><span>  AND </span><span>del</span><span> = </span><span>0</span><span>  ORDER BY  id DESC  LIMIT 0, 4;  </span></span></li>
</ol>

4个参数 
Query_time: 0 Lock_time: 0 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 54 
分别意思为:查询时间 锁定时间 查询结果行数 扫描行数,主要看扫描行数多的语句,然后去数据库加上对应的索引,再优化下变态的sql 语句。 

极端情况kill sql进程

<ol>
<li><span>找出占用cpu时间过长的sql,在mysql 下执行如下命令: </span></li>
<li><span>show processlist; </span></li>
<li><span>确定后一条sql处于Query状态,且Time时间过长,锁定它的ID,执行如下命令: </span></li>
<li><span>kill QUERY  269815764;  </span></li>
</ol>

注意:杀死 sql进程,可能导致数据丢失,所以执行前要衡量数据的重要性。 

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