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几则技巧 这几天帮同事解决了几个问题,写在这里作为备忘,其他朋友也可以参考。 l 建立 UNICODE 的 MFC 工程 (VC6) 。 按正常步骤建立一个 MFC 应用程序工程。 打开 : Project-Settings-C/C++ 。在 Preprocessor definitions 中定义 UNICODE 和 _UNICODE 两

几则技巧

 

这几天帮同事解决了几个问题,写在这里作为备忘,其他朋友也可以参考。

 

l         建立UNICODEMFC工程(VC6)

按正常步骤建立一个MFC应用程序工程。

 

打开: Project->Settings…->C/C++。在Preprocessor definitions中定义UNICODE_UNICODE两个宏。

 

打开: Project->Settings…->Link。选择Output类别,修改Entry-Point Symbol的值为wWinMainCRTStartup

 

编译应该没有问题了。运行时若出现找不到mfcxxx.dll,从VC的安装文件中拷贝到系统目录就行了。

 

l         DLL内存释放问题(VC6)

Windows下,如果在一个DLL里分配的内存,在另外一个DLL或者在EXE里释放,程序可能会crash。这时多半是因为这些DLLEXE链接了不同的运行库,不同运行库的堆是不同的,在一个堆里分配的内存,在另外一个堆里释放,就会crash。解决方案有两个:

 

方案一:打开: Project->Settings…->C/C++。选择Code Generation类别,确保所有工程的Use run-time library的值是一致。

 

方案二:哪里分配就在哪里释放。DLL提供了分配函数,同时提供一个释放函数,这样可以确保在同一个堆里释放。

 

l         抽象工厂模式的一个实例。

同事在开发手机的PC模拟环境时,遇到这样一个问题:其可能通过串口与另外一个真实的手机通信,也可能通过Socket与另外一个模拟手机通信。由配置文件决定实际的通信方式。

 

首先自然会想到,建立一个抽象基类Stream,一个继承Stream的子类SerialPortStream,实现串口通信,和一个继承Stream的子类SocketStream,实现Socket通信。调用者通过抽象基类Stream的指针去调用不同子类的实现,从而避免大量if/else语句。

 

但是有好几地方都要创建这些对象,由于创建时仍然要关心具体的子类,前面的方法仍然不够完美。为了避免这些创建代码分散在不同的地方,可以采用抽象工厂模式。程序运行时,根据配置文件创建一个工厂对象,后面通过抽象工厂的指针去创建不同的子类。这样,调用者与实现者之间的耦合降到了最低。

 

l         DBUS marshal函数的参数个数。

DBUSglib封装的marshal函数,与glib原生的marshal完全一样。比如:

void

g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__INT (GClosure     *closure,

                              GValue       *return_value,

                              guint         n_param_values,

                              const GValue *param_values,

                              gpointer      invocation_hint,

                              gpointer      marshal_data)

{

  typedefvoid (*GMarshalFunc_VOID__INT) (gpointer     data1,

                                          gint         arg_1,

                                          gpointer     data2);

  register GMarshalFunc_VOID__INT callback;

  register GCClosure *cc = (GCClosure*) closure;

  register gpointer data1, data2;

 

  g_return_if_fail (n_param_values == 2);

 

  if (G_CCLOSURE_SWAP_DATA (closure))

    {

      data1 = closure->data;

      data2 = g_value_peek_pointer (param_values + 0);

    }

  else

    {

      data1 = g_value_peek_pointer (param_values + 0);

      data2 = closure->data;

    }

  callback = (GMarshalFunc_VOID__INT) (marshal_data ? marshal_data : cc->callback);

 

  callback (data1,

            g_marshal_value_peek_int (param_values + 1),

            data2);

}

 

语句g_return_if_fail (n_param_values == 2);有些让人迷惑,明明只有一个参数,为什么参数个数是2个。从这个函数的实现可以看出,第一个参数始终是对象本身,虽然signal只有一个参数,加上对象指针本身,参数个数变成2个了。

 

l         安装FC5的内核源码。

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh kernel-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5.src.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS

[root@localhost SPECS]# rpmbuild -bp --target=i686 kernel-2.6.spec

[root@localhost SPECS]# cd ../BUILD/kernel-2.6.15/linux-2.6.15.i686/

[root@localhost linux-2.6.15.i686]# make menuconfig

[root@localhost linux-2.6.15.i686]#make

[root@localhost linux-2.6.15.i686]# rm /lib/modules/2.6.15-1.2054_FC5/build

[root@localhost linux-2.6.15.i686]# ln /lib/modules/2.6.15-1.2054_FC5/build  /usr/src/redhat/BUILD/kernel-2.6.15/linux-2.6.15.i686/ -s

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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