F1:Google最新公开的分布式关系型数据库
导读:大数据时代的来临也促使NoSQL数据库迅速崛起,但这并不意味着传统关系数据库即将消亡。近日Google研究院就推出被称为F1的新型数据库,F1作为一种混合型数据库融合了BigTable的高扩展性和SQL数据库的可用性和功能性。F1数据库作者共有12人,清单如下:J
导读:大数据时代的来临也促使NoSQL数据库迅速崛起,但这并不意味着传统关系数据库即将消亡。近日Google研究院就推出被称为F1的新型数据库,F1作为一种混合型数据库融合了BigTable的高扩展性和SQL数据库的可用性和功能性。F1数据库作者共有12人,清单如下:Jeff Shute、Mircea Oancea、Stephan Ellner、Ben Handy、Eric Rollins、Bart Samwel、Radek Vingralek、Chad Whipkey、Xin Chen、Beat Jegerlehner、Kyle Little?eld、Phoenix Tong。
现今云计算的从业人员对NoSQL一词并不感到陌生,虽然很多技术人员都长期从事关系数据库的工作,但现在他们对NoSQL技术充满期待。对于企业来说,从关系型数据库到NoSQL数据库转变绝对是个需要深思熟虑的大改变。这涉及的不仅是软件的变化,更多的是对于数据存储上观念性的变化。
NoSQL——关系数据库的有力补充
目前,NoSQL和文档数据库成为关系数据库的有力补充(而非替代品),同时提供了更多的选择。如果企业准备将数据迁移,那么选择NoSQL的重要标准就是要看CAP(Consistency、Availability和Partition Tolerance),也就是我们所说的一致性、可用性和分区容忍性。但CAP原则要求在分布式系统只能选择一致性、可用性和分区容忍性其中的两项。所以如果企业认为一致性是重要的那么关系数据库理应是优先选择的对象。
例如在银行等应用领域,一致性是非常重要的,这要求必须随时考虑每个数据块。 而CAP原则中的可用性也不容忽视,某些领域的数据可用性要比等待所有交易数据收集齐全更为重要。最后在水平缩放时,分区容忍性对于文档数据库显得尤为关键。但MongoDB并不支持复杂的事务,只支持少量的原子操作,所以不适用于“转帐”等对事务和一致性要求很高的场合。这就要求需要一个关系数据库来对 交易进行过高级别的控制。
鉴于NoSQL目前的现状,Google研究院近日就推出命名为F1的新数据库,F1作为一种混合型数据库融合了BigTable的高扩展性和SQL数据库的可用性和功能性。F1数据库意味着你可以拥有伸缩性很强的数据库,而不必转向NoSQL。
F1可支持Google核心的AdWords业务
F1是一个从头开始建立的新数据库,其设计指标符合Google所需的规模,与此同时不会影响RDBMS的功能。F1的关键特性包括:高扩展性(自动分片存储); 可用性和一致性(同步复制); High commit latency: Can be hidden(分层架构、协议缓冲列类型、高效客户端代码)
F1底层存储
F1的底层文件系统为BigTable的继任产物Megastore,其属性主要包括:全局分布式;同步跨数据中心复制;可视分片和数据移动;常规事务;多次读取单原子写入;本地或跨机器以及快照读取。
F1数据库的架构和特性
架构:Sharded Spanner 服务器;数据存在GFS和内存之中;Stateless F1 服务器;工作池提供查询执行
特点:关系模式;扩展到层次和丰富的数据类型;无阻塞的架构变更;一致性指标;并行读取SQL或MapReduce
层次模式架构
集群存储
F1目前目前面临的挑战
当前面临的挑战主要有:并行查询执行、故障恢复、隔离、优化、迁移应用时要求不宕机等等。
Google从MySQL迁移到F1给其带来了更高的扩展性、更高的可用性、等效一致性得以保证同时兼顾强大的SQL查询。总之,Google的此次数据库迁移在保证数据库规模的同时并没有失去任何的数据库功能。(Terminator/编译)
查看完整PDF文件
延伸阅读:Google Megastore分布式存储技术全揭秘

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

SublimeText3 English version
Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.