Access入门教程 7.5 怎样设置字段的属性(二)
“有效性规则”是为了检查字段中的值是否有效,可以在该字段的“有效性规则”框中输入一个表达式,Access会判断输入的值是否满足这个表达式,如果满足才能输入。输入违反该规则的字段值就无法将值输入到表中,并会提示我们不能输入与有效性规则相悖的数值。
“有效性规则”是为了检查字段中的值是否有效,可以在该字段的“有效性规则”框中输入一个表达式,Access会判断输入的值是否满足这个表达式,如果满足才能输入。输入违反该规则的字段值就无法将值输入到表中,并会提示我们不能输入与有效性规则相悖的数值。当然我们也可以单击这个属性输入文本框右面的“生成”按钮激活“表达式生成器”来生成这些表达式。而“有效性文本”这个属性中所填写的文字则是用来当用户输入错误的值时给用户的提示信息。
在Access中“表达式生成器”就是用来生成表达式的一段特殊的程序模块。通过它可以很方便地编写数据库中的各种表达式。它的用法在以后的课程中会有比较详细的讲解。在填写一个表的时候,常常会遇到一些必须填写的重要字段,像这个表中的“订货数量”字段就必须填写,不然我们就无法知道这份订单究竟订了多少货,所以要将这个字段的“必填字段”属性设为“是”。而对于那些要求得不那么严格的数据就可以设定对应字段的“必填字段”属性为“否”。它下面的“允许空字符串”属性问我们是否让这个字段里存在“零长度字符串”,通常将它设置为“否”。
索引属性是表中一个重要的属性,当我们建立一个很大的数据库的时候,就会发现通过查询在表中检索一个数据信息很慢。通过分析发现,如果当我们要在一个表中的查询“订货单位”字段内的某个值时,会从整个表的开头一直查到末尾,如果能将表中额值进行排序,那同样的查询工作对“订货单位”字段检索的记录数就可以少很多,速度也自然会变得更快,所以很多表都需要建立索引,而“索引”字段就是为了定义是否将这个字段定义为表中的索引字段。“无”是不把这个字段作为索引,“有(有重复)”和“有(无重复)这两个选项都表示这个字段已经是表中的一个索引了,而“有(有重复)”允许在表的这个字段中存在同样的值,“有(无重复)”字段则表示在这个字段中绝对禁止相同的值。对于“订单信息表”,由于一个订货单位会多次订货,也就要签订多份订单,所以当我们要把这个字段作为表的索引时就需要将它的“索引”属性设为“有(有重复)”了。
最后一个是“UNICODE”属性,“UNICODE”是微软公司为了使一个产品在不同的国家各种语言情况下都能正常运行而编写的一种文字代码,使用这种16位代码时只需要一个UNICODE就可以存储一个中文文字或英文字符。这样虽然很方便,但实际上在计算机中本来只要8位就可以存储一个英文字符,所以使用这种“UNICODE”方式实际上是比较浪费空间的。为了解决这个问题微软又想出了一个方法就是对数字或英文字符进行“UNICODE压缩”,所以对字段的这个属性我们一般都选择“有”,这样可以节省很多空间。字段属性栏右面的提示文字可以随时提供一些帮助。
结束语:现在你也能使用表的设计器来设计或修改一个表了吧。那就证明你对表的操作已经上了一个台阶了。但是你知不知道表与表之间的数据究竟是怎样联系的?如果你还回答不上,那就到下一课去看一看。

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