问题:将表一变成表二 表一: stdname stdsubject result 张三 语文 80 张三 数学 90 张三 物理 85 李四 语文 85 李四 数学 92 李四 物理 82 李四 化学 82 表二: stdname 语文 数学 物理 化学 李四 85 92 82 82 张三 80 90 85 0 问题分析:使用分组解决问题
问题:将表一变成表二
表一:
stdname stdsubject result
张三 语文 80
张三 数学 90
张三 物理 85
李四 语文 85
李四 数学 92
李四 物理 82
李四 化学 82
表二:
stdname 语文 数学 物理 化学
李四 85 92 82 82
张三 80 90 85 0
问题分析:使用分组解决问题,则写出来的 sql 会是这种格式的:
SELECT stdname,... FROM #student group by stdname
中间的...如何写呢?
要把表一的记录的值作为表二的字段,则需要使用到 CASE语句,而表一中张三是没有化学成绩的,
所以需要使用 COALESCE。
sql代码:
CREATE TABLE #student (stdname nvarchar(10),stdsubject nvarchar(10),result int) INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('张三','语文',80) INSERT INTO #student values ('张三','数学',90) INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('张三','物理',85) INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('李四','语文',85) INSERT INTO #student values ('李四','数学',92) INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('李四','物理',82) INSERT INTO #student VALUES ('李四','化学',82)
-- 使用 COALESCE + SUM + CASE SELECT stdname, COALESCE(SUM(CASE stdsubject WHEN '化学' THEN Result END),0) 化学, COALESCE(SUM(CASE stdsubject WHEN '数学' THEN Result END),0) 数学, COALESCE(SUM(CASE stdsubject WHEN '物理' THEN Result END),0) 物理, COALESCE(SUM(CASE stdsubject WHEN '语文' THEN Result END),0) 语文 FROM #student GROUP BY stdname --使用 拼接 sql 的方法 更简便 --使用 SELECT 为变量赋值,会重复从表里取出所有记录,这是SET不能完成的 DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(1000) SET @sql = 'SELECT stdname' SELECT @sql = @sql + ',COALESCE(SUM(CASE stdsubject WHEN'''+stdsubject+'''THEN Result END),0)['+stdsubject+']' FROM (SELECT DISTINCT stdsubject FROM #student) temp SET @sql = @sql + 'FROM #student GROUP BY stdname' EXEC (@sql)*实际应用中不会这样设计表,这里这是提供一个执行方法。

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