什么触发器 1,个人理解 触发器,从字面来理解,一触即发的一个器,简称触发器(哈哈,个人理解),简单理解就是,满足一定条件就可触发某个操作。 2,官方定义 触发器(trigger)是个特殊的存储过程,它的执行不是由程序调用,也不是手工启动,而是由事件来
什么触发器
1,个人理解
触发器,从字面来理解,一触即发的一个器,简称触发器(哈哈,个人理解),简单理解就是,满足一定条件就可触发某个操作。
2,官方定义
触发器(trigger)是个特殊的存储过程,它的执行不是由程序调用,也不是手工启动,而是由事件来触发,比如当对一个表进行操作( insert,delete, update)时就会激活它执行。触发器经常用于加强数据的完整性约束和业务规则等。 触发器可以从 DBA_TRIGGERS ,USER_TRIGGERS 数据字典中查到。
触发器有一个非常好的特性就是:触发器可以禁止或回滚违反引用完整性的更改,从而取消所尝试的数据修改。
什么意思,举个例子解释一下,街机游戏大家都玩过吧,闯过一关,闯下一关,有一关没闯过就要从第一关开始。触发器根这个类似。
官方解释如下
触发程序视为单一交易中的一部份,因此可以由原触发程序还原交易,如果在交易过程中侦测到严重的错误(如使用者中断连线),则会自动还原整个交易。
他的作用很明显了,可以保重数据的完整性,下面有一个实例来说明他的好处,以及如果使编写代码不那么复杂
语法
CREATE TRIGGER –触发器必须有名字,最多64个字符,可能后面会附有分隔符.它和MySQL中其他对象的命名方式基本相象.
{ BEFORE | AFTER } –触发器有执行的时间设置:可以设置为事件发生前或后。
{ INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE } –同样也能设定触发的事件:它们可以在执行insert、update或delete的过程中触发。
ON –触发器是属于某一个表的:当在这个表上执行插入、 更新或删除操作的时候就导致触发器的激活. 我们不能给同一张表的同一个事件安排两个触发器。
FOR EACH ROW –触发器的执行间隔:FOR EACH ROW子句通知触发器 每隔一行执行一次动作,而不是对整个表执行一次。
–触发器包含所要触发的SQL语句:这里的语句可以是任何合法的语句, 包括复合语句,但是这里的语句受的限制和函数的一样。
你必须拥有相当大的权限才能创建触发器(CREATE TRIGGER),如果你已经是Root用户,那么就足够了。这跟SQL的标准有所不同。
触发器的优点
1.触发器的”自动性”
对程序员来说,触发器是看不到的,但是他的确做事情了,如果不用触发器的话,你更新了user表的name字段时,你还要写代码去更新其他表里面的冗余字段,我举例子,只是一张表,如果是几张表都有冗余字段呢,你的代码是不是要写很多呢,看上去是不是很不爽呢。
2.触发器的数据完整性
触发器有回滚性,举个例子,我发现我很喜欢举子,就是你要更新五张表的数据,不会出现更新了二个张表,而另外三张表没有更新。
但是如果是用php代码去写的话,就有可能出现这种情况的,比如你更新了二张表的数据,这个时候,数据库挂掉了。你就郁闷了,有的更新了,有的没更新。这样页面显示不一致了,变有bug了。
实例
<code>示例一 delimiter // <span><span>create</span> <span>trigger</span> InsertUser <span>before</span> <span>insert</span> <span>on</span> <span>user</span> <span>for</span> <span>each</span> <span>row</span> <span>Begin</span> <span>insert</span> <span>into</span> user_group(uid,gid) <span>values</span>(new.uid,<span>'group4444444444'</span>);</span> <span><span>end</span>;</span>// delimiter ; 示例二 delimiter // <span><span>create</span> <span>trigger</span> InsertUser <span>before</span> <span>insert</span> <span>on</span> <span>user</span> <span>for</span> <span>each</span> <span>row</span> <span>Begin</span> <span>IF</span> new.Type=<span>2</span> <span>then</span> <span>insert</span> <span>into</span> user_group(uid,gid) <span>values</span>(new.uid,<span>'group4444444444'</span>);</span> else <span><span>insert</span> <span>into</span> user_group(uid,gid) <span>values</span>(new.uid,<span>'group55555555555'</span>) <span>END</span> <span>IF</span>;</span> <span><span>end</span>;</span>// delimiter ; 示例三: delimiter // <span><span>create</span> <span>trigger</span> InsertUser <span>before</span> <span>insert</span> <span>on</span> <span>user</span> <span>for</span> <span>each</span> <span>row</span> <span>Begin</span> <span>IF</span> new.type=<span>1</span> <span>then</span> <span>insert</span> <span>into</span> user_group(uid,gid) <span>values</span>(new.uid,<span>'578d3369633b47bd9c1fe8bf905cbfb1'</span>);</span> <span><span>END</span> <span>IF</span>;</span> IF new.type=2 then <span><span>insert</span> <span>into</span> user_group(uid,gid) <span>values</span>(new.uid,<span>'387bcd57fc5a4c3c9de83ee210fef661'</span>);</span> <span><span>END</span> <span>IF</span>;</span> <span><span>end</span>;</span>// delimiter ; </code>

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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