1、概述 1.1、所有的join连接,都可以加上类where a.id='1000'的条件,达到同样的效果。 1.2、除了cross join不可以加on外,其它join连接都必须加上on关键字,后都可加where条件。 1.3、虽然都可以加where条件,但是他们只在标准连接的结果集上查找where条件
1、概述
1.1、所有的join连接,都可以加上类似where a.id='1000'的条件,达到同样的效果。
1.2、除了cross join不可以加on外,其它join连接都必须加上on关键字,后都可加where条件。
1.3、虽然都可以加where条件,但是他们只在标准连接的结果集上查找where条件。比如左外连接的结果没有class的三班,所以如果加 where class.id='C003'虽然在表中有,但在左连接结果集中没有,所以查询后,是没有记录的。
2、实例,标准的join连接,(不加where条件的)
2.1、设有表如下:
学生表
班级表,对应学生表中的classid
2.2、自连接:join ,inner join
<span>1</span> <span>--</span><span>自连接 :只返回两张表连接列的匹配项。</span><span>2</span> <span>--</span><span>以下三种查询结果一样。</span><span>3</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student s <span>inner</span> <span>join</span> class c <span>on</span> s.classid<span>=</span>c.id; <span>4</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student s <span>join</span> class c <span>on</span> s.classid<span>=</span>c.id; <span>5</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student s,class c <span>where</span> s.classid<span>=</span>c.id;
自连接结果:
2.3、笛卡儿乘积:cross join
<span>1</span> <span>--</span><span>笛卡儿乘积连接 :即不加任何条件,达到 M*N 的结果集。</span><span>2</span> <span>--</span><span>以下两种查询结果一样。</span><span>3</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student s <span>cross</span> <span>join</span> class c; <span>4</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student,class;
笛卡尔结果:
注意:如果cross join加上where s.classid=c.id条件,会产生跟自连接一样的结果:
<span>1</span> <span>--</span><span>加上条件,产生跟自连接一样的结果。</span><span>2</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student s <span>cross</span> <span>join</span> class c <span>where</span> s.classid<span>=</span>c.id;
自连接结果集的cross join连接结果
2.3、左外连接:left join
<span>1</span> <span>--</span><span>左连接 :列出左边表全部的,及右边表符合条件的,不符合条件的以空值代替。</span><span>2</span> <span>--</span><span>在(+)计算时,哪个带(+)哪个需要条件符合的,另一个全部的。即放左即右连接,放右即左连接。</span><span>3</span> <span>--</span><span>以下结果集相同。</span><span>4</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student s <span>left</span> <span>join</span> class c <span>on</span> s.classid<span>=</span>c.id; <span>5</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student s,class c <span>where</span> s.classid<span>=</span>c.id(<span>+</span>);
左连接结果:
2.4、右外连接:right join
<span>1</span> <span>--</span><span>右外连接 :与左连接一样,列出右边表全部的,及左边表符合条件的,不符合条件</span><span>2</span> <span>--</span><span>的用 空值 替代。</span><span>3</span> <span>--</span><span>(+)一样,它的位置与连接相反。</span><span>4</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student s <span>right</span> <span>join</span> class c <span>on</span> s.classid<span>=</span>c.id; <span>5</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student s,class c <span>where</span> s.classid(<span>+</span>)<span>=</span>c.id;
右连接结果
2.5、全连接:full join
<span>1</span> <span>--</span><span>全连接 :产生M+N的结果集,列出两表全部的,不符合条件的,以空值代替。</span><span>2</span> <span>select</span> <span>*</span> <span>from</span> student s <span>full</span> <span>join</span> class c <span>on</span> s.classid<span>=</span>c.id;
全连接结果集

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