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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialJDBC获得数据库生成的主键(JDBC、Primary Key)

JDBC获得数据库生成的主键 佟强 http://blog.csdn.net/microtong 在实际开发中,数据库中表的主键经常会由数据库负责生成,INSERT语句插入数据时插入除了主键以外的字段。很多情况下,当INSERT语句提交给数据库引擎执行完成后,程序需要获得生成的主键以便根

    JDBC获得数据库生成的主键 佟强 http://blog.csdn.net/microtong

 

    在实际开发中,数据库中表的主键经常会由数据库负责生成,INSERT语句插入数据时插入除了主键以外的字段。很多情况下,当INSERT语句提交给数据库引擎执行完成后,程序需要获得生成的主键以便根据主键查询插入的记录。JDBC通过在调用语句对象的executeUpdate()方法时,给出第二个参数Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS 来说明希望数据库引擎返回生成的主键。生成的主键以结果集的形式返回,程序调用语句对象的getGeneratedKeys() 方法得到一个结果集。遍历这个结果集,即得到数据库生成的主键。
    我们以MySQL5.0数据库为例,创建会员表“member”,其中字段ID是数据负责生成的自动增量的整数。下列SQL语句创建会员表:
/* 创建MySQL5.0 表member*/
  create table member(
    id int not null auto_increment ,  /*数据库自动生成的主键*/
    name varchar(100),           /*会员姓名*/
    email varchar(255),           /*电子邮件*/
    primary key (id)
  )type = InnoDB default character set gbk;

获得主键的代码  GeneratedKey.java

package cn.oakcms;
import java.sql.*;
public class GeneratedKey {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;  //连接对象
        Statement stmt = null;   //语句对象
        ResultSet rs = null;      //结果集
        try{
            //加载MySQL驱动程序
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            //连接字符串
            String url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mydb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk";
            //建立数据库连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,"root","");
            //创建语句对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            //INSERT语句
            String sql = "insert into member(name,email) values('张三','zhangsan@gmail.com') ";
            //执行INSERT语句,说明要返回数据库生成的主键
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
            System.out.println("成功插入"+count+"条记录!");
            //产生的主键以结果集的形式返回
            rs = stmt.getGeneratedKeys();
            //遍历结果集,输出主键,实际上结果集只有一条记录
            while(rs.next()){
                long id = rs.getLong(1);
                System.out.println("产生的主键是:"+id);
            }
            //关闭结果集、语句、连接
            rs.close(); stmt.close(); conn.close();
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if(rs!=null) try{rs.close();}catch(Exception ignore){}
            if(stmt!=null) try{stmt.close();}catch(Exception ignore){}
            if(conn!=null) try{conn.close();}catch(Exception ignore){}
        }
    }
}
程序的运行结果如下,每次运行都将插入一条新的记录,生成一个新的ID。
        成功插入1条记录!
        产生的主键是:6


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