额滴数据库太薄弱了,整理一下知识点吧: 外键(foreign key)约束: 在建表之后,为表增加外键约束可以像下面这样操作: 为表增加外键约束: 1、alert table student 2、add constraint stu_fk foreign key (classid) 3、references class(classid) 为stude
额滴数据库太薄弱了,整理一下知识点吧:
外键(foreign key)约束:
在建表之后,为表增加外键约束可以像下面这样操作:
为表增加外键约束:
1、alert table student
2、add constraint stu_fk foreign key (classid)
3、references class(classid)
为student表增加外键(我们称student为字表)。
其中,第二行代码表示为student表的classid字段增加外键约束,外键约束的别名叫stu_fk。
第三行代码表示该外键约束指向class表中的classid列。
注意:外键列(第一个classid)和被引用列(第二个classid)的列名可以不同,但是数据类型要相同;另外,在创建外键约束之前,父表必须已经存在,并且父表的引用列也就是父表的主键列必须被定义为unique或者primary key约束。
在建表时,为表增加外键约束可以像下面这样操作:
create table student(
stu_id number(8) not null primary key; //表的主键
stu_code varchar2(10) ,
classid number(4) references class(classid) // /表的外键
);
删除外键约束:
alert table student drop constraint stu_fk f(外键约束)
check约束:
在建表时创建约束:
为列指定check约束,如下:
create table student(
stu_id number(8) not null primary key; //表的主键
stu_code varchar2(10) unique,
stuage number(3) constraint age_ck check(stuage > 0)
classid number(4) references class(classid) // /表的外键
);
在建表后创建约束:
alert table student add constraint stuage_ck check(stuage > 0);
删除约束:
alert tablestudent drop constraint stuage_ck;
unique约束:
如果为列定义unique约束,那么该列中不能包含重复的值,可以在同一个列上建立unique和not null
在建表时创建unique:
create table student (
stuid number(10) not null primary key,
stucode number(20) constraint stu_uk unique,
stuage number(3) constraint stuag_ck check(stuage > 0)
);
如果为一个列建立unique约束,而没有not null 约束,则该列的数据可以包含多个null值,多个null值不算重复值。
在建表后创建unique:
alert table student add unique(stuname);
删除unique约束:
alert table student drop unique(stuname)或
alert table student drop constraintstu_uk(约束名)

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