search
HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialoracle知识整理

oracle知识整理

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:17 PM
leooracledatabasetidyKnowledge

额滴数据库太薄弱了,整理一下知识点吧: 外键(foreign key)约束: 在建表之后,为表增加外键约束可以像下面这样操作: 为表增加外键约束: 1、alert table student 2、add constraint stu_fk foreign key (classid) 3、references class(classid) 为stude

额滴数据库太薄弱了,整理一下知识点吧:

外键(foreign key)约束:

在建表之后,为表增加外键约束可以像下面这样操作:

为表增加外键约束:

1、alert  table student 

2、add constraint stu_fk foreign key (classid)

3、references class(classid)

为student表增加外键(我们称student为字表)。

其中,第二行代码表示为student表的classid字段增加外键约束,外键约束的别名叫stu_fk。

第三行代码表示该外键约束指向class表中的classid列。

注意:外键列(第一个classid)和被引用列(第二个classid)的列名可以不同,但是数据类型要相同;另外,在创建外键约束之前,父表必须已经存在,并且父表的引用列也就是父表的主键列必须被定义为unique或者primary key约束。


在建表时,为表增加外键约束可以像下面这样操作:

create table student(

stu_id number(8) not null primary key; //表的主键

stu_code varchar2(10) ,

classid number(4) references class(classid) // /表的外键

);


删除外键约束:

alert  table student  drop constraint  stu_fk f(外键约束)


check约束:

在建表时创建约束:

为列指定check约束,如下:

create table student(

stu_id number(8) not null primary key; //表的主键

stu_code varchar2(10)  unique,

stuage number(3) constraint age_ck check(stuage > 0)

classid number(4) references class(classid) // /表的外键

);


在建表后创建约束:

alert  table  student add  constraint stuage_ck check(stuage > 0);


删除约束:

alert  tablestudent  drop constraint stuage_ck;


unique约束:

如果为列定义unique约束,那么该列中不能包含重复的值,可以在同一个列上建立unique和not null

在建表时创建unique:

create table student (

stuid number(10) not null  primary key,

stucode number(20) constraint stu_uk unique,

stuage number(3)  constraint  stuag_ck check(stuage > 0)

);

如果为一个列建立unique约束,而没有not null 约束,则该列的数据可以包含多个null值,多个null值不算重复值。


在建表后创建unique:

alert  table  student  add unique(stuname);


删除unique约束:

alert  table student  drop  unique(stuname)或

alert  table student  drop  constraintstu_uk(约束名)





Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
What Are the Limitations of Using Views in MySQL?What Are the Limitations of Using Views in MySQL?May 14, 2025 am 12:10 AM

MySQLviewshavelimitations:1)Theydon'tsupportallSQLoperations,restrictingdatamanipulationthroughviewswithjoinsorsubqueries.2)Theycanimpactperformance,especiallywithcomplexqueriesorlargedatasets.3)Viewsdon'tstoredata,potentiallyleadingtooutdatedinforma

Securing Your MySQL Database: Adding Users and Granting PrivilegesSecuring Your MySQL Database: Adding Users and Granting PrivilegesMay 14, 2025 am 12:09 AM

ProperusermanagementinMySQLiscrucialforenhancingsecurityandensuringefficientdatabaseoperation.1)UseCREATEUSERtoaddusers,specifyingconnectionsourcewith@'localhost'or@'%'.2)GrantspecificprivilegeswithGRANT,usingleastprivilegeprincipletominimizerisks.3)

What Factors Influence the Number of Triggers I Can Use in MySQL?What Factors Influence the Number of Triggers I Can Use in MySQL?May 14, 2025 am 12:08 AM

MySQLdoesn'timposeahardlimitontriggers,butpracticalfactorsdeterminetheireffectiveuse:1)Serverconfigurationimpactstriggermanagement;2)Complextriggersincreasesystemload;3)Largertablesslowtriggerperformance;4)Highconcurrencycancausetriggercontention;5)M

MySQL: Is it safe to store BLOB?MySQL: Is it safe to store BLOB?May 14, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Yes,it'ssafetostoreBLOBdatainMySQL,butconsiderthesefactors:1)StorageSpace:BLOBscanconsumesignificantspace,potentiallyincreasingcostsandslowingperformance.2)Performance:LargerrowsizesduetoBLOBsmayslowdownqueries.3)BackupandRecovery:Theseprocessescanbe

MySQL: Adding a user through a PHP web interfaceMySQL: Adding a user through a PHP web interfaceMay 14, 2025 am 12:04 AM

Adding MySQL users through the PHP web interface can use MySQLi extensions. The steps are as follows: 1. Connect to the MySQL database and use the MySQLi extension. 2. Create a user, use the CREATEUSER statement, and use the PASSWORD() function to encrypt the password. 3. Prevent SQL injection and use the mysqli_real_escape_string() function to process user input. 4. Assign permissions to new users and use the GRANT statement.

MySQL: BLOB and other no-sql storage, what are the differences?MySQL: BLOB and other no-sql storage, what are the differences?May 13, 2025 am 12:14 AM

MySQL'sBLOBissuitableforstoringbinarydatawithinarelationaldatabase,whileNoSQLoptionslikeMongoDB,Redis,andCassandraofferflexible,scalablesolutionsforunstructureddata.BLOBissimplerbutcanslowdownperformancewithlargedata;NoSQLprovidesbetterscalabilityand

MySQL Add User: Syntax, Options, and Security Best PracticesMySQL Add User: Syntax, Options, and Security Best PracticesMay 13, 2025 am 12:12 AM

ToaddauserinMySQL,use:CREATEUSER'username'@'host'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';Here'showtodoitsecurely:1)Choosethehostcarefullytocontrolaccess.2)SetresourcelimitswithoptionslikeMAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR.3)Usestrong,uniquepasswords.4)EnforceSSL/TLSconnectionswith

MySQL: How to avoid String Data Types common mistakes?MySQL: How to avoid String Data Types common mistakes?May 13, 2025 am 12:09 AM

ToavoidcommonmistakeswithstringdatatypesinMySQL,understandstringtypenuances,choosetherighttype,andmanageencodingandcollationsettingseffectively.1)UseCHARforfixed-lengthstrings,VARCHARforvariable-length,andTEXT/BLOBforlargerdata.2)Setcorrectcharacters

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Linux new version

SublimeText3 Linux new version

SublimeText3 Linux latest version

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

DVWA

DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor