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MYSQL中的变量

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:15 PM
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欢迎进入Linux社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 变量分为用户变量与系统变量。 用户变量: 用户变量与数据库连接有关,在这个连接中声明的变量,在连接断开的时候,就会消失。 在此连接中声明的变量无法在另一连接中使用。 用户变量的变量名的形式

欢迎进入Linux社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入

  变量分为用户变量与系统变量。

  用户变量:

  用户变量与数据库连接有关,在这个连接中声明的变量,在连接断开的时候,就会消失。

  在此连接中声明的变量无法在另一连接中使用。

  用户变量的变量名的形式为@varname的形式。

  名字必须以@开头。

  声明变量的时候需要使用set语句,比如下面的语句声明了一个名为@a的变量。

  set @a = 1;

  声明一个名为@a的变量,并将它赋值为1,mysql里面的变量是不严格限制数据类型的,它的数据类型根据你赋给它的值而随时变化 。

  (SQL SERVER中使用declare语句声明变量,且严格限制数据类型。)

  我们还可以使用select 语句为变量赋值 。

  比如:

  set @name = ;

  select @name:=password from user limit 0,1;

  (注意等于号前面有一个冒号,后面的limit 0,1是用来限制返回结果的,相当于SQL SERVER里面的top 1)

  如果直接写:

  select @name:=password from user;

  如果这个查询返回多个值的话,那@name变量的值就是最后一条记录的password字段的值 。

  系统变量:

  系统变量又分为全局变量与会话变量。

  全局变量在MYSQL启动的时候由服务器自动将它们初始化为默认值,这些默认值可以通过更改my.ini这个文件来更改。

  会话变量在每次建立一个新的连接的时候,由MYSQL来初始化。MYSQL会将当前所有全局变量的值复制一份。来做为会话变量。

  (也就是说,如果在建立会话以后,没有手动更改过会话变量与全局变量的值,那所有这些变量的值都是一样的。)

  全局变量与会话变量的区别就在于,对全局变量的修改会影响到整个服务器,但是对会话变量的修改,只会影响到当前的会话

  (也就是当前的数据库连接)。

  我们可以利用

  show session variables;

  语句将所有的会话变量输出:

  (可以简写为show variables,没有指定是输出全局变量还是会话变量的话,默认就输出会话变量。)

  mysql> show global variables;

  +---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+

  | Variable_name                   | Value                                                          |

  +---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+

  | auto_increment_increment        | 1                                                              |

  | auto_increment_offset           | 1                                                              |

  | automatic_sp_privileges         | ON                                                             |

  ..................................省略..............................

  | tmpdir                          | C:WINDOWSTEMP                                               |

  | transaction_alloc_block_size    | 8192                                                           |

  | transaction_prealloc_size       | 4096                                                           |

  | tx_isolation                    | REPEATABLE-READ                                                |

  | updatable_views_with_limit      | YES                                                            |

  | version                         | 5.0.67-community-nt                                            |

  | version_comment                 | MySQL Community Edition (GPL)                                  |

  | version_compile_machine         | ia32                                              &n

MYSQL中的变量

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