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深入了解Oracle跟踪事件:set events

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:13 PM
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欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 一、Oracle跟踪文件 Oracle跟踪文件分为三种类型,一种是后台报警日志文件,记录数据库在启动、关闭和运行期间后台进程的活动情况,如表空间创建、回滚段创建、某些alter命令、日志切换、错误消息等

欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入

        一、Oracle跟踪文件

        Oracle跟踪文件分为三种类型,一种是后台报警日志文件,记录数据库在启动、关闭和运行期间后台进程的活动情况,如表空间创建、回滚段创建、某些alter命令、日志切换、错误消息等。在数据库出现故障时,应首先查看该文件,但文件中的信息与任何错误状态没有必然的联系。后台报警日志文件保存BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST参数指定的目录中,文件格式为SIDALRT.LOG。另一种类型是DBWR、LGWR、SMON等后台进程创建的后台跟踪文件。后台跟踪文件根据后台进程运行情况产生,后台跟踪文件也保存在BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST参数指定的目录中,文件格式为siddbwr.trc、sidsmon.trc等。还有一种类型是由连接到Oracle的用户进程(Server Processes)生成的用户跟踪文件。这些文件仅在用户会话期间遇到错误时产生。此外,用户可以通过执行oracle跟踪事件(见后面)来生成该类文件,用户跟踪文件保存在USER_DUMP_DEST参数指定的目录中,文件格式为oraxxxxx.trc,xxxxx为创建文件的进程号(或线程号)。

        二、Oracle跟踪事件

        Oracle提供了一类命令,可以将Oracle各类内部结构中所包含的信息转储(dump)到跟踪文件中,以便用户能根据文件内容来解决各种故障。设置跟踪事件有两种方法,一种是在init.ora文件中设置事件,这样open数据库后,将影响到所有的会话。设置格式如下:

         EVENT="eventnumber trace name eventname [forever,] [level levelnumber] : ......."

        通过:符号,可以连续设置多个事件,也可以通过连续使用event来设置多个事件。

        另一种方法是在会话过程中使用alter session set events命令,只对当前会话有影响。设置格式如下:

         alter session set events '[eventnumber|immediate] trace name eventname [forever] [, level levelnumber] : .......'

        通过:符号,可以连续设置多个事件,也可以通过连续使用alter session set events 来设置多个事件。

        格式说明:eventnumber指触发dump的事件号,事件号可以是Oracle错误号(出现相应错误时跟踪指定的事件)或oralce内部事件号,内部事件号在10000到10999之间,不能与immediate关键字同用。

        immediate关键字表示命令发出后,立即将指定的结构dump到跟踪文件中,这个关键字只用在alter session语句中,并且不能与 eventnumber、forever关键字同用。

        trace name 是关键字。

        eventname指事件名称(见后面),即要进行dump的实际结构名。若eventname为context,则指根据内部事件号进行跟踪。

        forever关键字表示事件在实例或会话的周期内保持有效状态,不能与immediate同用。

        level为事件级别关键字。但在dump错误栈(errorstack)时不存在级别。

        levelnumber表示事件级别号,一般从1到10,1表示只dump结构头部信息,10表示dump结构的所有信息。

        1、buffers事件:dump SGA缓冲区中的db buffer结构

         alter session set events 'immediate trace name buffers level 1'; --表示dump缓冲区的头部。

        2、blockdump事件:dump数据文件、索引文件、回滚段文件结构

         alter session set events 'immediate trace name blockdump level 66666'; --表示dump块地址为6666的数据块。

        在Oracle 8以后该命令已改为:

         alter system dump datafile 11 block 9; --表示dump数据文件号为11中的第9个数据块。

        3、controlf事件:dump控制文件结构

         alter session set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 10'; --表示dump控制文件的所有内容。

        4、locks事件:dump LCK进程的锁信息

         alter session set events 'immediate trace name locks level 5';

        5、redohdr事件:dump redo日志的头部信息

         alter session set events 'immediate trace name redohdr level 1'; --表示dump redo日志头部的控制文件项。
        alter session set events 'immediate trace name redohdr level 2'; --表示dump redo日志的通用文件头。
        alter session set events 'immediate trace name redohdr level 10'; --表示dump redo日志的完整文件头。

        注意:redo日志的内容dump可以采用下面的语句:

         alter system dump logfile 'logfilename';

        6、loghist事件:dump控制文件中的日志历史项

        alter session set events 'immediate trace name loghist level 1'; --表示只dump最早和最迟的日志历史项。

        levelnumber大于等于2时,表示2的levelnumber次方个日志历史项。

        alter session set events 'immediate trace name loghist level 4'; --表示dump 16个日志历史项。

        7、file_hdrs事件:dump 所有数据文件的头部信息

         alter session set events 'immediate trace name file_hdrs level 1'; --表示dump 所有数据文件头部的控制文件项。
        alter session set events 'immediate trace name file_hdrs level 2'; --表示dump 所有数据文件的通用文件头。
        alter session set events 'immediate trace name file_hdrs level 10'; --表示dump 所有数据文件的完整文件头。

        8、errorstack事件:dump 错误栈信息,通常Oracle发生错误时前台进程将得到一条错误信息,但某些情况下得不到错误信息,可以采用这种方式得到Oracle错误。

         alter session set events '604 trace name errorstack forever'; --表示当出现604错误时,dump 错误栈和进程栈。

        9、systemstate事件:dump所有系统状态和进程状态

         alter session set events 'immediate trace name systemstate level 10'; --表示dump 所有系统状态和进程状态。

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深入了解Oracle跟踪事件:set events

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