欢迎进入Linux社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 你可能在使用MySQL过程中,各种意外导致数据库表的损坏,而且这些数据往往是最新的数据,通常不可能在备份数据中找到。本文将讲述如何检测MySQL数据库表的故障。 表的故障检测和修正的一般过程如下:
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你可能在使用MySQL过程中,各种意外导致数据库表的损坏,而且这些数据往往是最新的数据,通常不可能在备份数据中找到。本文将讲述如何检测MySQL数据库表的故障。
表的故障检测和修正的一般过程如下:
◆ 检查出错的表。如果该表检查通过,则完成任务,否则必须修复出错的数据库表。
◆ 在开始修复之前对表文件进行拷贝,以保证数据的安全。
◆ 开始修复数据库表。
◆ 如果修复失败,从数据库的备份或更新日志中恢复数据。
在使用myisamchk或isamchk检查或修复表之前,应该首先注意:
◆ 建立数据库备份和使用更新日志,以防修复失败,丢失数据。
◆ 仔细阅读本章内容以后再进行操作,尤其是不应该在阅读“避免与MySQL服务器交互作用”之前进行操作。因为,在你没有足够的知识之前贸然操作,可能会引起严重的后果。
◆ 如果你在Unix平台上对表进行维护时,应该首先注册到专用的帐户 mysql,以避免对表读写访问产生所有权的问题,以及破坏数据库目录的所有权限。
数据库表的维护工具
MySQL的myisanchk和isamchk实用程序很类似,基本上它们具有同样的使用方法。它们之间的主要区别时所使用的表的类型。为了检查 /修复MyISAM表(.MYI和.MYD),你应该使用myisamchk实用程序。为了检查/修复ISAM表(.ISM和.ISD),你应该使用 isamchk实用程序。
◆ 为了使用任一个使用程序,应指明你要检查或修复的表,myisamchk和isamchk的使用方法为:
shell>myisamchk options tbl_nameshell>isamchk options tbl_name
如果你愿意,你可以在命令行命名几个表。
◆ 你也能指定一个名字作为一个索引文件(用“ .MYI”或“.ISM”后缀),它允许你通过使用模式“*.MYI”或“.ISM”指定在一个目录所有的表。例如,如果你在一个数据库目录,你可以这样在目录下检查所有的表:
shell> myisamchk *.MYIshell>isamchk *.ISM
◆ 如果你不在数据库目录下,你可指定目录的路径:
shell> myisamchk options /path/to/database_dir/*.MYIshell> isamchk options /path/to/database_dir/*.ISM
◆ 你甚至可以通过为MySQL数据目录的路径指定一个通配符来作用于所有的数据库中的所有表:
shell> myisamchk options /path/to/datadir/*/*.MYIshell> isamchk options /path/to/database_dir/*/*.ISM
这个方法无法在windows平台下使用。
注意 不论是myisamchk还是isamchk都不对表所在的位置做任何判断,因此,应该或者在包含表文件的目录运行程序,或者指定表的路径名。这允许你将表文件拷贝到另一个目录中并用该拷贝进行操作。
检查数据库表
myisamchk和isamchk提供了表的检查方法,这些方法在彻底检查表的程度方面有差异。
标准的方法检查表
通常用标准的方法就足够了。对表使用标准的方法进行检查,不使用任何选项直接调用即可,或用-s或--silent选项的任何一个:
myisamchk tbl_nameisamchk tbl_name
这能找出所有错误的99.99%。它不能找出的是仅仅涉及数据文件的损坏(这很不常见)。
完全彻底的数据检查
为了执行扩充检查,使用--extend-check或-e选项,这个选项检查数据:
myisamchk -e tbl_nameisamchk -e tbl_name
它做一个完全彻底的数据检查(-e意思是“扩展检查”)。它对每一行做每个键的读检查以证实他们确实指向正确的行。这在一个有很多键的大表上可能花很长时间。myisamchk通常将在它发现第一个错误以后停止。如果你想要获得更多的信息,你能增加--verbose(-v)选项。这使得 myisamchk或isamchk继续一直到最多20个错误。在一般使用中,一个简单的标准检查(没有除表名以外的参数)就足够了。
中等程度的检查
指定选项--medium-check或-m
myisamchk -m tbl_name
中等程度的检查不如扩展检查彻底,但速度快一些。其意义不大,较少使用。
如果对于--extend-check检查不报告错误,则可以肯定表是完好的。如果你仍然感觉表有问题,那原因肯定在其它地方。应重新检查人和好像有问题的查询以验证查询是正确书写的。如果你认为问题可能是MySQL服务器的原因,应该考虑整理一份故障报告或者升级到新的版本上。
可能有用的检查选项:
1.-i或―information 打印统计信息,例如:
myisamchk -e -i tbl_name
象前面的命令一样,但是-i选项告诉myisamchk还打印出一些统计信息。
2.-C,--check-only-changed
只检查上一次检查后被修改的表。

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