innobackupex在后台线程不断追踪InnoDB的日志文件,然后复制InnoDB的数据文件。数据文件复制完成之后,日志的复制线程也会结束。
MySQL主从同步原理:
MySQL主从同步是在MySQL主从复制(Master-Slave Replication)基础上实现的,通过设置在Master MySQL上的binlog(使其处于打开状态),Slave MySQL上通过一个I/O线程从Master MySQL上读取binlog,然后传输到Slave MySQL的中继日志中,然后Slave MySQL的SQL线程从中继日志中读取中继日志,然后应用到Slave MySQL的数据库中。这样实现了主从数据同步功能。
XtraBackup备份原理:
innobackupex在后台线程不断追踪InnoDB的日志文件,然后复制InnoDB的数据文件。数据文件复制完成之后,日志的复制线程也会结束。这样就得到了不在同一时间点的数据副本和开始备份以后的事务日志。完成上面的步骤之后,就可以使用InnoDB崩溃恢复代码执行事务日志(redo log),以达到数据的一致性。
备份分为两个过程:
XtraBackup的优点:
一.xtrabackup安装:
yum -y install perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL
rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
软件下载地址:https://www.percona.com/software/mysql-database/percona-xtrabackup
二.核对mysql的版本:
利用xtrabackup做全备和恢复的,Mysql的版本最好一致!
检查mysql版本:
/webser/mysql55/bin/mysql -V
/webser/mysql55/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.21, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
三.在master服务器上在线备份数据库:
innobackupex --defaults-file=/webser/mysql55/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=xxxx /tmp/backup/
PS:/tmp/backup/ 为备份目录;
然后通过scp方式把master上
四.slave机器上操作;
1)关闭mysql服务;
然后清空mysql数据目录下文件,例如本机mysql的数据目录是:/webser/mysql55/var/
2)开始恢复数据
假设备份文件的路径在:/webser/2015-08-12_13-54-56
恢复日志文件:
innobackupex --defaults-file=/webser/mysql55/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=xxxx --apply-log /tmp/backup/2015-08-12_13-49-32/
恢复数据文件:
innobackupex --defaults-file=/webser/mysql55/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=xxxx --copy-back /tmp/backup/2015-08-12_13-49-32/
以上操作,请务必按照顺序执行,操作顺序颠倒,会引起mysql服务器启动不了!
3)修改数据目录权限:
chown -R mysql:mysql /webser/mysql55/var
4)安全方式启动mysql,查看是否有异常;
/webser/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/webser/mysql55/etc/my.cnf &
如果没有异常报错,就关闭mysql
/webser/mysql55/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown
5)查看binlog日志文件的位置值,做主从同步:
cat /tmp/backup/2015-08-12_13-49-32/xtrabackup_binlog_info
wwwmaster.000458 1022022953
6)在slave机器上做主从相关操作:
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.xxx',
MASTER_USER='rep',
MASTER_PASSWORD='xxxxxx',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='wwwmaster.000458',
MASTER_LOG_POS=1022022953;
启动主从同步:
start slave;
查看slave状态:
MySQL管理之使用XtraBackup进行热备
MySQL开源备份工具Xtrabackup备份部署
MySQL Xtrabackup备份和恢复
用XtraBackup实现MySQL的主从复制快速部署【主不锁表】
安装和使用 Percona 推出的 Xtrabackup 备份 MySQL
XtraBackup 的详细介绍:请点这里
XtraBackup 的下载地址:请点这里
本文永久更新链接地址:
,
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Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

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MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.


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