一、oracle、mysq、sqlserver取结果中几行记录的 区别 http://www.w3school.com.cn/sql/sql_top.asp 原始的表 (用在例子中的): Persons 表: Id LastName FirstName Address City 1 Adams John Oxford Street London 2 Bush George Fifth Avenue New York 3
一、oracle、mysq、sqlserver取结果中几行记录的区别
http://www.w3school.com.cn/sql/sql_top.asp
原始的表 (用在例子中的):
Persons 表:
Id | LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Adams | John | Oxford Street | London |
2 | Bush | George | Fifth Avenue | New York |
3 | Carter | Thomas | Changan Street | Beijing |
4 | Obama | Barack | Pennsylvania Avenue | Washington |
TOP 子句
TOP 子句用于规定要返回的记录的数目。
对于拥有数千条记录的大型表来说,TOP 子句是非常有用的。
注释:并非所有的数据库系统都支持 TOP 子句。
SQL Server 的语法:
SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)FROM table_name<p></p><h2 id="SQL-TOP-实例">SQL TOP 实例</h2><p>现在,我们希望从上面的 "Persons" 表中选取头两条记录。</p><p>我们可以使用下面的 SELECT 语句:</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">SELECT <code>TOP 2</code> * FROM Persons
结果:
Id | LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Adams | John | Oxford Street | London |
2 | Bush | George | Fifth Avenue | New York |
SQL TOP PERCENT 实例
现在,我们希望从上面的 "Persons" 表中选取 50% 的记录。
我们可以使用下面的 SELECT 语句:
SELECT <code>TOP 50 PERCENT</code> * FROM Persons
结果:
Id | LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Adams | John | Oxford Street | London |
2 | Bush | George | Fifth Avenue | New York |
第一种方法:
select top n * from (select top m * from tablename order by columnname) a order by columnname desc
这个是用一个 sqlserver中 top比order by 后执行 的原理。
第二种方法:
/*以下示例将返回行号为 50 到 60(含)的行,并以 OrderDate 排序。*/ select * from( select row_number() over (order by orgid) as rownum from org_info ) as wo where wo.rownumber between 50 and 60
MySQL 语法
SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameLIMIT number
例子
SELECT *FROM Persons LIMIT 5
Oracle 语法
SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE ROWNUM <h4><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>SELECT * FROM (SELECT ROWNUM RM, UI.* FROM USER_INFO UI WHERE ROWNUM < 10) WHERE RM > 5;
oracle中的rownum 只能用以上符号(
这个中也可以用 继续进行限制,如 最后一个where 条件中变为:RM>5 AND RM
例子
SELECT *FROM PersonsWHERE ROWNUM <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">
注意
<span><strong>1、sqlserver 中SQL的执行顺序。</strong></span>
- FROM:对FROM子句中的前两个表执行笛卡尔积(Cartesian product)(交叉联接),生成虚拟表VT1
-
ON:对VT1应用ON筛选器。只有那些使
为真的行才被插入VT2。 - OUTER(JOIN):如 果指定了OUTER JOIN(相对于CROSS JOIN 或(INNER JOIN),保留表(preserved table:左外部联接把左表标记为保留表,右外部联接把右表标记为保留表,完全外部联接把两个表都标记为保留表)中未找到匹配的行将作为外部行添加到 VT2,生成VT3.如果FROM子句包含两个以上的表,则对上一个联接生成的结果表和下一个表重复执行步骤1到步骤3,直到处理完所有的表为止。
-
WHERE:对VT3应用WHERE筛选器。只有使
为true的行才被插入VT4. - GROUP BY:按GROUP BY子句中的列列表对VT4中的行分组,生成VT5.
- CUBE|ROLLUP:把超组(Suppergroups)插入VT5,生成VT6.
-
HAVING:对VT6应用HAVING筛选器。只有使
为true的组才会被插入VT7. - SELECT:处理SELECT列表,产生VT8.
- DISTINCT:将重复的行从VT8中移除,产生VT9.
- ORDER BY:将VT9中的行按ORDER BY 子句中的列列表排序,生成游标(VC10).
- TOP:从VC10的开始处选择指定数量或比例的行,生成表VT11,并返回调用者。
注意:这里的TOP 在 order by 的后面执行。意思是:sqlserver先进行排序再取top的数据。
2、oracle 中 order by 也是比 rownum先执行。
二、IF ELSE 区别:
mysql和oracle的区别:
1)、注意elseif区别:
在mysql中:
<span>IF <em>search_condition</em> THEN <em>statement_list</em></span>
<span><span> </span>[ELSEIF <em>search_condition</em> THEN <em>statement_list</em>] ...</span>
<span><span> </span>[ELSE <em>statement_list</em>]</span>
<span>END IF</span>
IF 条件1 THEN ...如果条件1为真,则执行这里的语句... ELSIF 条件2 THEN ...如果条件1为假,但是条件2为真,则执行这里的语句... ELSE ...如果条件1和条件2都为假,则执行这里的语句... END IF; |

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