欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 ROLLUP和CUBE语句。 Oracle的GROUP BY语句除了最基本的语法外,还支持ROLLUP和CUBE语句。如果是ROLLUP(A, B, C)的话,首先会对(A、B、C)进行GROUP BY,然后对(A、B)进行GROUP BY,然后是(A)
欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入
ROLLUP和CUBE语句。
Oracle的GROUP
BY语句除了最基本的语法外,还支持ROLLUP和CUBE语句。如果是ROLLUP(A, B, C)的话,首先会对(A、B、C)进行GROUP
BY,然后对(A、B)进行GROUP BY,然后是(A)进行GROUP BY,最后对全表进行GROUP BY操作。如果是GROUP BY
CUBE(A, B, C),则首先会对(A、B、C)进行GROUP
BY,然后依次是(A、B),(A、C),(A),(B、C),(B),(C),最后对全表进行GROUP BY操作。
grouping_id()可以美化效果:
Oracle的GROUP BY语句除了最基本的语法外,还支持ROLLUP和CUBE语句。
除本文内容外,你还可参考:
分析函数参考手册:
http://xsb.itpub.net/post/419/33028
分析函数使用例子介绍:
http://xsb.itpub.net/post/419/44634
SQL> create table t as select * from dba_indexes;
表已创建。
SQL> select index_type, status, count(*) from t group by index_type, status;
INDEX_TYPE STATUS COUNT(*)
--------------------------- -------- ----------
LOB VALID 51
NORMAL N/A 25
NORMAL VALID 479
CLUSTER VALID 11
下面来看看ROLLUP和CUBE语句的执行结果。
SQL> select index_type, status, count(*) from t group by rollup(index_type, status);
INDEX_TYPE STATUS COUNT(*)
--------------------------- -------- ----------
LOB VALID 51
LOB 51
NORMAL N/A 25
NORMAL VALID 479
NORMAL 504
CLUSTER VALID 11
CLUSTER 11
566
已选择8行。
SQL> select index_type, status, count(*) from t group by cube(index_type, status);
INDEX_TYPE STATUS COUNT(*)
--------------------------- -------- ----------
566
N/A 25
VALID 541
LOB 51
LOB VALID 51
NORMAL 504
NORMAL N/A 25
NORMAL VALID 479
CLUSTER 11
CLUSTER VALID 11
已选择10行。
查询结果不是很一目了然,下面通过Oracle提供的函数GROUPING来整理一下查询结果。
SQL> select grouping(index_type) g_ind, grouping(status) g_st, index_type, status, count(*)
2 from t group by rollup(index_type, status) order by 1, 2;
G_IND G_ST INDEX_TYPE STATUS COUNT(*)
---------- ---------- --------------------------- -------- ----------
0 0 LOB VALID 51
0 0 NORMAL N/A 25
0 0 NORMAL VALID 479
0 0 CLUSTER VALID 11
0 1 LOB 51
0 1 NORMAL 504
0 1 CLUSTER 11
1 1 566
已选择8行。
这个查询结果就直观多了,和不带ROLLUP语句的GROUP BY相比,ROLLUP增加了对INDEX_TYPE的GROUP BY统计和对所有记录的GROUP BY统计。
也就是说,如果是ROLLUP(A, B, C)的话,首先会对(A、B、C)进行GROUP BY,然后对(A、B)进行GROUP BY,然后是(A)进行GROUP BY,最后对全表进行GROUP BY操作。
下面看看CUBE语句。
SQL> select grouping(index_type) g_ind, grouping(status) g_st, index_type, status, count(*)
2 from t group by cube(index_type, status) order by 1, 2;
G_IND G_ST INDEX_TYPE STATUS COUNT(*)
---------- ---------- --------------------------- -------- ----------
0 0 LOB VALID 51
0 0 NORMAL N/A 25
0 0 NORMAL VALID 479
0 0 CLUSTER VALID 11
0 1 LOB 51
0 1 NORMAL 504
0 1 CLUSTER 11
1 0 N/A 25
1 0 VALID 541
1 1 566
已选择10行。
和ROLLUP相比,CUBE又增加了对STATUS列的GROUP BY统计。
如果是GROUP BY CUBE(A, B, C),则首先会对(A、B、C)进行GROUP BY,然后依次是(A、B),(A、C),(A),(B、C),(B),(C),最后对全表进行GROUP BY操作。
除了使用GROUPING函数,还可以使用GROUPING_ID来标识GROUP BY结果。
SQL> select grouping_id(index_type, status) g_ind, index_type, status, count(*)
2 from t group by rollup(index_type, status) order by 1;
G_IND INDEX_TYPE STATUS COUNT(*)
---------- --------------------------- -------- ----------
0 LOB VALID 51
0 NORMAL N/A 25
0 NORMAL VALID 479
0 CLUSTER VALID 11
1 LOB 51
1 NORMAL 504
1 CLUSTER 11
3 566
已选择8行。
SQL> select grouping_id(index_type, status) g_ind, index_type, status, count(*)
2 from t group by cube(index_type, status) order by 1;
G_IND INDEX_TYPE STATUS COUNT(*)
---------- --------------------------- -------- ----------
0 LOB VALID 51
0 NORMAL N/A 25
0 NORMAL VALID 479
0 CLUSTER VALID 11
1 LOB 51
1 NORMAL 504
1 CLUSTER 11
2 N/A 25
2 VALID 541
3 566
已选择10行。
grouping_id()可以美化效果:
select DECODE(GROUPING_ID(C1), 1, '合计', C1) D1,
DECODE(GROUPING_ID(C1, C2), 1, '小计', C2) D2,
DECODE(GROUPING_ID(C1, C2, C1 + C2), 1, '小计', C1 + C2) D3,
count(*),
GROUPING_ID(C1, C2, C1 + C2, C1 + 1, C2 + 1),
GROUPING_ID(C1)
from T2
group by rollup(C1, C2, C1 + C2, C1 + 1, C2 + 1);
===========================================================
1.
报表合计专用的
Rollup
函数
销售报表
以往的查询
SQL:
Select
area,month,sum(money) from SaleOrder group by area,month
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