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oracle管理笔记1

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:06 PM
lgoracleBackstagedatabasenotesmanageprocess

1. 后台进程 dbwr 数据库写进程。lgwr 日志写进程。ckpt 检查点写进程。smon 系统监控进程。 pmon进程监控进程。 arch归档进程。 reco 恢复进程。 lckn 封锁进程。 2.DBA命令执行方式 sqldba mode=line 或 sqldba lmode=y 然后 SQLDBA 输入行命令 3.oracle

1. 后台进程

dbwr 数据库写进程。lgwr 日志写进程。ckpt 检查点写进程。smon 系统监控进程。 pmon进程监控进程。

arch归档进程。 reco 恢复进程。 lckn 封锁进程。

2.DBA命令执行方式

sqldba mode=line 或 sqldba lmode=y    然后 SQLDBA> 输入行命令

3.oracle 特殊用户:

(1)internal: 只能在服务器端使用的超级用户,它具有DBA的所有特权。4.

(2)system(manager):显示管理信息的视图,和oracle工具所使用的所以视图。

(3)sys(change_on_install) 只能在服务器端使用的超级用户。

4.启动数据库

(1)启动参数和约束条件

Exclusive/Parallel:专用/并行数据库模式。

Database Name:要启动的数据库名,默认值为ORACLE_SID变量的值。

Parameter File:在启动实例时,访问的参数文件名,默认文件为initSID.ora。

Force:在启动实例前,强行关闭当前实例。

Restrict to DBAs:数据库启动后,只有DBA特权的用户才能访问数据库。

Recover:在启动实例时,用日志文件做数据库恢复

(2)用行命令启动数据库:

sqldba mode=line

sqldab>connect internal

sqldba>startup

5.关闭方式

(1)Normal 处理完用户提交的所有事务,等带用户退出连接后,关闭数据库、卸载数据库、关闭实例。在下次启动实例时,不做实例恢复操作。

(2)Immediate/ Abort Instance结束正在处理的SQL语句、回滚未提交事务、不等待用户退出正常连接。在下次启动实例时,做实例恢复操作rmal处理完用户提交的

所有事务,等待用户退出连接后,关闭数据库、卸载数据库、关闭实例。在下次启动实例时,不做实例恢复操作。

(3)用命令行关闭数据库 sqldba mode=line sqldba>connect internal      sqldba>shutdown

    6.用户管理:

(1)添加用户: 

CREATE  USER  用户名 INDENTIFIED       BY 口令

                                                                      EXTERNALLY

                DEFAULT  TABLESPACE 表空间名

                TEMPORARY  TABLESPACE 表空间名

                QUOTA   整数  K/M      ON 表空间名

                                UNLIMITED

               PROFILE  环境文件名

例:

CREATE  USER sidney INDENTIFIED  BY  carton

                DEFAULT  TABLESPACE cases_ts

                TEMPORARY  TABLESPACE temp_ts

                QUOTA  5M  ON cases_ts

                QUOTA  5M ON  temp_ts

               PROFILE  engineer 

建立按操作系统帐号george可存取的用户。

      CREATE  USER OPS$georage 

                INDENTIFIED  EXTERNALLY

                DEFAULT  TABLESPACE accs_ts

                TEMPORARY  TABLESPACE temp_ts

                QUOTA  UNLIMITED ON  accs_ts

               QUOTA  UNLIMITED  ON  temp_ts

(2)删除用户:

        DROP  USER 用户名  CASCADE

(3)与用户管理有关的数据字典视图

?USER_USERS

? ALL_USERS

? DBA_USERS

? USER_TS_QUOTAS


 DBA_TS_QUOTAS

   6.环境文件管理

?Sessions/User:限制一个用户的并发会话个数。

?CPU Time/Session :限制一次会话的CPU时间,单位:百分之一秒。

?CPU Time/Call:限制一次调用(一次语法分析、执行或获得)的CPU时间,单位:百分之一秒。

?Connect Time:限制一会话总的使用时间,单位:分。


 Idle Time:限制会话期间连接不活动周期,单位:分。长的运行查询和其它操作不受这个限制

?Logical Reads/Session:限制在一次会话中读的数据块的数目,包括从内存或磁盘读的块数。

?Logical Reads/Call:限制处理一个SQL语句(语法分析、执行和获取)一次调用所读的数据块的数目。

?Private SGA/Session:限制一次会话在SGA的共享池可分配的专用空间的数目,单位:bytes/Kbytes/Mbytes。

? Composite Limit:一次会话总的资源开销,以服务单位表示该参数的值。

删除环境文件

   DROP PROFILE环境文件名CASCADE 



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