欢迎进入Linux社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 MySQL支持多种列类型:数值类型、日期/时间类型和字符串(字符)类型。本章首先对这些列类型进行了概述,然后更加详细地描述了各种列的类型,以及列类型存储需求的总结。概述很简单。关于具体列类型
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MySQL支持多种列类型:数值类型、日期/时间类型和字符串(字符)类型。本章首先对这些列类型进行了概述,然后更加详细地描述了各种列的类型,以及列类型存储需求的总结。概述很简单。关于具体列类型的详细信息应查阅详细的描述,例如指定值时允许使用的格式。
MySQL支持处理空间数据的扩展名。
几种列类型描述使用了下述惯例:
M:表示最大显示宽度。最大有效显示宽度是255.
M指示最大显示宽度。最大有效显示宽度是255.显示宽度与存储大小或类型包含的值的范围无关。
D:适用于浮点和定点类型,并表示小数点后面的位数。最大可能的值是30,但不应大于M-2.
方括号('['和']')表示可选部分。
如果为一个数值列指定ZEROFILL,MySQL自动为该列添加UNSIGNED属性。
SERIAL是BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT UNIQUE的一个别名。
在整数列定义中,SERIAL DEFAULT VALUE是NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT UNIQUE的一个别名。
BIT[(M)]
位字段类型。M表示每个值的位数,范围为从1到64.如果M被省略,默认为1.
TINYINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
很小的整数。带符号的范围是-128到127.无符号的范围是0到255.
BOOL,BOOLEAN
是TINYINT(1)的同义词。zero值被视为假。非zero值视为真。
INT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
普通大小的整数。带符号的范围是-2147483648到2147483647.无符号的范围是0到4294967295.
BIGINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
大整数。带符号的范围是-9223372036854775808到9223372036854775807.无符号的范围是0到18446744073709551615.
作为SQL标准的扩展,MySQL也支持整数类型TINYINT、MEDIUMINT和BIGINT.下面的表显示了需要的每个整数类型的存储和范围。
类型
字节
最小值
最大值
(带符号的/无符号的)
(带符号的/无符号的)
TINYINT
1
-128
127
0
255
SMALLINT
2
-32768
32767
0
65535
MEDIUMINT
3
-8388608
8388607
0
16777215
INT
4
-2147483648
2147483647
0
4294967295
BIGINT
8
-9223372036854775808
9223372036854775807
0
18446744073709551615
CHAR和VARCHAR类型
CHAR和VARCHAR类型类似,但它们保存和检索的方式不同。它们的最大长度和是否尾部空格被保留等方面也不同。在存储或检索过程中不进行大小写转换。
CHAR和VARCHAR类型声明的长度表示你想要保存的最大字符数。例如,CHAR(30)可以占用30个字符。
CHAR列的长度固定为创建表时声明的长度。长度可以为从0到255的任何值。当保存CHAR值时,在它们的右边填充空格以达到指定的长度。当检索到CHAR值时,尾部的空格被删除掉。在存储或检索过程中不进行大小写转换。
VARCHAR列中的值为可变长字符串。长度可以指定为0到65,535之间的值。(VARCHAR的最大有效长度由最大行大小和使用的字符集确定。整体最大长度是65,532字节)。
同CHAR对比,VARCHAR值保存时只保存需要的字符数,另加一个字节来记录长度(如果列声明的长度超过255,则使用两个字节)。
VARCHAR值保存时不进行填充。当值保存和检索时尾部的空格仍保留,符合标准SQL.
如果分配给CHAR或VARCHAR列的值超过列的最大长度,则对值进行裁剪以使其适合。如果被裁掉的字符不是空格,则会产生一条警告。如果裁剪非空格字符,则会造成错误(而不是警告)并通过使用严格SQL模式禁用值的插入。参见5.3.2节,"SQL服务器模式".
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InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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