轻松理解数据库三范式 官方定义:第一范式(1NF):数据库表中的字段都是单一属性的,不可再分。 我的理解:第一范式这个不用說了,只要是关系数据库都满足第一范式 官方定义:第二范式(2NF):数据库表中不存在非关键字段对任一候选关键字段的部分函数依赖
轻松理解数据库三范式
官方定义:第一范式(1NF):数据库表中的字段都是单一属性的,不可再分。
我的理解:第一范式这个不用說了,只要是关系数据库都满足第一范式
官方定义:第二范式(2NF):数据库表中不存在非关键字段对任一候选关键字段的部分函数依赖
我的理解:在第二范式中组合主键(AB)【注明:也叫做复合主键】里面的A或者B 与其他字段不能存在组合重复,为解决这个问题,通常的做法是咱们不用组合主键,添加一个ID,做为单一主键即可满足第二范式。如果不想添加ID,请满足组合主键(AB)里面的A或者B 与其他字段不能存在组合重复。
如:不满足第二范式,复合主键中的A与字段C组合重复
+------------+-----------+-------------------+
pk pk row
+------------+-----------+-------------------+
A B C
+------------+-----------+-------------------+
A D C
+------------+-----------+-------------------+
A E C
+------------+-----------+-------------------+
改为这样满足第二范式(但是不满足第三范式,字段A与字段C是组合重复):
+---------+------------+-----------+-------------------+
pk row row row
+---------+------------+-----------+-------------------+
1 A B C
+---------+------------+-----------+-------------------+
2 A D C
+---------+------------+-----------+-------------------+
3 A E C
+---------+------------+-----------+-------------------+
官方定义:第三范式(3NF):在第二范式的基础上,数据表中如果不存在非关键字段对任一候选关键字段的传递函数依赖则符合第三 范式。
我的理解:在第三范式中字段与字段之间不能存在组合重复
如:不满足第三范式,字段A与字段C组合重复
+---------+------------+-----------+-------------------+---------------+
pk row row row row
+---------+------------+-----------+-------------------+---------------+
1 A B C F
+---------+------------+-----------+-------------------+---------------+
2 A D C G
+---------+------------+-----------+-------------------+---------------+
3 A E C K
+---------+------------+-----------+-------------------+---------------+
改为这样满足第三范式:
表1
+---------+------------+-----------+
pk row row
+---------+------------+-----------+
1 A B
+---------+------------+-----------+
2 A D
+---------+------------+-----------+
3 A E
+---------+------------+-----------+
和表2
+---------+-------------------+------------+
pk row row
+---------+-------------------+------------+
1 C F
+---------+-------------------+------------+
2 C G
+---------+-------------------+------------+
3 C K
+---------+-------------------+------------+
原则:当出现字段与字段的组合重复,如上的A和C的组合重复,首先要考虑的就是把他们拆分为2个表,具体是C拆到表1, 还是A拆到表1,看情况而定.
关键要理解定义这种范式标准的主要目的是为了减少数据冗余,数据冗余产生的本质就是在一个表中存在字段与字段之间的一对多,或者多对多关系。解决这个几对几的关系问题,就能轻易实现满足第三范式的数据库设计。

MySQL'sBLOBissuitableforstoringbinarydatawithinarelationaldatabase,whileNoSQLoptionslikeMongoDB,Redis,andCassandraofferflexible,scalablesolutionsforunstructureddata.BLOBissimplerbutcanslowdownperformancewithlargedata;NoSQLprovidesbetterscalabilityand

ToaddauserinMySQL,use:CREATEUSER'username'@'host'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';Here'showtodoitsecurely:1)Choosethehostcarefullytocontrolaccess.2)SetresourcelimitswithoptionslikeMAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR.3)Usestrong,uniquepasswords.4)EnforceSSL/TLSconnectionswith

ToavoidcommonmistakeswithstringdatatypesinMySQL,understandstringtypenuances,choosetherighttype,andmanageencodingandcollationsettingseffectively.1)UseCHARforfixed-lengthstrings,VARCHARforvariable-length,andTEXT/BLOBforlargerdata.2)Setcorrectcharacters

MySQloffersechar, Varchar, text, Anddenumforstringdata.usecharforfixed-Lengthstrings, VarcharerForvariable-Length, text forlarger text, AndenumforenforcingdataAntegritywithaetofvalues.

Optimizing MySQLBLOB requests can be done through the following strategies: 1. Reduce the frequency of BLOB query, use independent requests or delay loading; 2. Select the appropriate BLOB type (such as TINYBLOB); 3. Separate the BLOB data into separate tables; 4. Compress the BLOB data at the application layer; 5. Index the BLOB metadata. These methods can effectively improve performance by combining monitoring, caching and data sharding in actual applications.

Mastering the method of adding MySQL users is crucial for database administrators and developers because it ensures the security and access control of the database. 1) Create a new user using the CREATEUSER command, 2) Assign permissions through the GRANT command, 3) Use FLUSHPRIVILEGES to ensure permissions take effect, 4) Regularly audit and clean user accounts to maintain performance and security.

ChooseCHARforfixed-lengthdata,VARCHARforvariable-lengthdata,andTEXTforlargetextfields.1)CHARisefficientforconsistent-lengthdatalikecodes.2)VARCHARsuitsvariable-lengthdatalikenames,balancingflexibilityandperformance.3)TEXTisidealforlargetextslikeartic

Best practices for handling string data types and indexes in MySQL include: 1) Selecting the appropriate string type, such as CHAR for fixed length, VARCHAR for variable length, and TEXT for large text; 2) Be cautious in indexing, avoid over-indexing, and create indexes for common queries; 3) Use prefix indexes and full-text indexes to optimize long string searches; 4) Regularly monitor and optimize indexes to keep indexes small and efficient. Through these methods, we can balance read and write performance and improve database efficiency.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download
A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft

PhpStorm Mac version
The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.
