实战讲解一下MongoDB的搭建和主从复制,因为只有一台服务器,所以只能通过修改端口号实现MongoDB的主从,而不是通过多台服务器实
MongoDB有一个主要特性就是复制,有多种复制形式,其中,主从复制是比较常用的一种。
主从复制的工作原理:首先要有两个或更多的服务器,其中一个是主节点,负责处理客户端的请求,其他的都是从节点,,负责映射主节点的数据。主节点记录在其上执行的所有操作,从节点定期轮询主节点获得的这些操作,然后执行这些操作。由于从节点和主节点执行了相同的操作,从节点就能保持与主节点的数据同步。
实战讲解一下MongoDB的搭建和主从复制,因为只有一台服务器,所以只能通过修改端口号实现MongoDB的主从,而不是通过多台服务器实现。其实原理是一样的~,只是这样做实际意义不大~
之前已经装了一个版本的MongoDB(2.6.11),既然现在mongodb已经更新到了3.0.6,那么从库就特意使用3.0.6,反正是测试用途,就不管那么多了~
安装
mongodb下载地址
下载mongodb3.0.6执行文件包,并解压,把二进制执行文件放在/usr/local/mongo3.0.6目录
配置
主库配置
# mongod.conf
#where to log
logpath=/var/log/mongodb/mongod-27017.log
logappend=true
# fork and run in background
fork=true
port=27017
#dbpath=/var/lib/mongo
dbpath=/data/mongodb/mongo-27017
# location of pidfile
pidfilepath=/var/run/mongodb/mongod-27017.pid
bind_ip=127.0.0.1,192.168.56.61
#noauth=true
# Ignore query hints
#nohints=true
# Disable the HTTP interface (Defaults to localhost:27017).
nohttpinterface = false
rest = true
master = true
从库配置
# mongod.conf
#where to log
logpath=/var/log/mongodb/mongod-27018.log
logappend=true
# fork and run in background
fork=true
port=27018
#dbpath=/var/lib/mongo
dbpath=/data/mongodb/mongo-27018
# location of pidfile
pidfilepath=/var/run/mongodb/mongod-27018.pid
# Listen to local interface only. Comment out to listen on all interfaces.
bind_ip=127.0.0.1,192.168.56.61
#noauth=true
# Ignore query hints
#nohints=true
# Disable the HTTP interface (Defaults to localhost:27018).
nohttpinterface = false
rest = true
slave = true
source = 127.0.0.1:27017
启动
# 主库启动
/usr/local/mongo2.6.11/mongod -f /etc/mongod/mongod-27017.conf
# 从库启动
/usr/local/mongo3.0.6/mongod -f /etc/mongod/mongod-27018.conf
认证
不同版本的mongodb开始auth模式可以通过下面的方法来实现
1. 先把所有主从mongodb设为unauth模式
2. 在master添加一个账号,这样slave也就自动同步了该账号
3. 把所有主从mongodb开启auth模式
更多MongoDB相关内容可以看看以下的有用链接:
MongoDB 3.0 正式版发布下载
CentOS编译安装MongoDB
CentOS 编译安装 MongoDB与mongoDB的php扩展
CentOS 6 使用 yum 安装MongoDB及服务器端配置
Ubuntu 13.04下安装MongoDB2.4.3
MongoDB入门必读(概念与实战并重)
Ubunu 14.04下MongoDB的安装指南
《MongoDB 权威指南》(MongoDB: The Definitive Guide)英文文字版[PDF]
Nagios监控MongoDB分片集群服务实战
基于CentOS 6.5操作系统搭建MongoDB服务
MongoDB 的详细介绍:请点这里
MongoDB 的下载地址:请点这里
本文永久更新链接地址:

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Efficient methods for batch inserting data in MySQL include: 1. Using INSERTINTO...VALUES syntax, 2. Using LOADDATAINFILE command, 3. Using transaction processing, 4. Adjust batch size, 5. Disable indexing, 6. Using INSERTIGNORE or INSERT...ONDUPLICATEKEYUPDATE, these methods can significantly improve database operation efficiency.

In MySQL, add fields using ALTERTABLEtable_nameADDCOLUMNnew_columnVARCHAR(255)AFTERexisting_column, delete fields using ALTERTABLEtable_nameDROPCOLUMNcolumn_to_drop. When adding fields, you need to specify a location to optimize query performance and data structure; before deleting fields, you need to confirm that the operation is irreversible; modifying table structure using online DDL, backup data, test environment, and low-load time periods is performance optimization and best practice.

Use the EXPLAIN command to analyze the execution plan of MySQL queries. 1. The EXPLAIN command displays the execution plan of the query to help find performance bottlenecks. 2. The execution plan includes fields such as id, select_type, table, type, possible_keys, key, key_len, ref, rows and Extra. 3. According to the execution plan, you can optimize queries by adding indexes, avoiding full table scans, optimizing JOIN operations, and using overlay indexes.

Subqueries can improve the efficiency of MySQL query. 1) Subquery simplifies complex query logic, such as filtering data and calculating aggregated values. 2) MySQL optimizer may convert subqueries to JOIN operations to improve performance. 3) Using EXISTS instead of IN can avoid multiple rows returning errors. 4) Optimization strategies include avoiding related subqueries, using EXISTS, index optimization, and avoiding subquery nesting.

Methods for configuring character sets and collations in MySQL include: 1. Setting the character sets and collations at the server level: SETNAMES'utf8'; SETCHARACTERSETutf8; SETCOLLATION_CONNECTION='utf8_general_ci'; 2. Create a database that uses specific character sets and collations: CREATEDATABASEexample_dbCHARACTERSETutf8COLLATEutf8_general_ci; 3. Specify character sets and collations when creating a table: CREATETABLEexample_table(idINT

To safely and thoroughly uninstall MySQL and clean all residual files, follow the following steps: 1. Stop MySQL service; 2. Uninstall MySQL packages; 3. Clean configuration files and data directories; 4. Verify that the uninstallation is thorough.

Renaming a database in MySQL requires indirect methods. The steps are as follows: 1. Create a new database; 2. Use mysqldump to export the old database; 3. Import the data into the new database; 4. Delete the old database.


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