公司 A 使用 SQL Server 2005 数据库。来自贸易伙伴的客户数据每天晚上都要导入到客户表。你要确保,在导入的过程中,对于存在的客户数据进行更新、对于不存在的客户数据进行插入。 无 /*INSTEAD OF 触发器的主要优点是可以使不能更新的视图支持更新。包含多
公司 A 使用 SQL Server 2005 数据库。来自贸易伙伴的客户数据每天晚上都要导入到客户表。你要确保,在导入的过程中,对于存在的客户数据进行更新、对于不存在的客户数据进行插入。/* INSTEAD OF 触发器的主要优点是可以使不能更新的视图支持更新。包含多个基表的视图必须使用 INSTEAD OF 触发器来支持引用表中数据的插入、更新和删除操作。INSTEAD OF 触发器的另一个优点是使您得以编写这样的逻辑代码:可以拒绝批处理中的某些部分同时允许批处理的其它部分成功。 INSTEAD OF 触发器可以进行以下操作: 忽略批处理中的某些部分。 不处理批处理中的某些部分并记录有问题的行。 如果遇到错误情况则采取备用操作。 说明 在含有用 DELETE 或 UPDATE 操作定义的外键的表上,不能定义 INSTEAD OF DELETE 和 INSTEAD OF UPDATE 触发器。 将此逻辑作为 INSTEAD OF 触发器的一部分进行编码,可避免所有访问数据的应用程序必须重新执行该逻辑。 在下列 Transact-SQL 语句序列中,INSTEAD OF 触发器更新视图中的两个基表。另外,显示两种处理错误的方法: 忽略对 Person 表的重复插入,并且插入的信息将记录在 PersonDuplicates 表中。 将对 EmployeeTable 表的重复插入转变为 UPDATE 语句,该语句将当前信息检索至 EmployeeTable,而不会产生重复键侵犯。 Transact-SQL 语句创建两个基表、一个视图、一个记录错误表和视图上的 INSTEAD OF 触发器。下面的这些表将个人数据和业务数据分开并且是视图的基表: */ CREATE TABLE Person ( SSN char(11) PRIMARY KEY, Name nvarchar(100), Address nvarchar(100), Birthdate datetime ) CREATE TABLE EmployeeTable ( EmployeeID int PRIMARY KEY, SSN char(11) UNIQUE, Department nvarchar(10), Salary money, CONSTRAINT FKEmpPer FOREIGN KEY (SSN) REFERENCES Person (SSN) ) --下面的视图使用某个人的两个表中的所有相关数据建立报表: CREATE VIEW Employee AS SELECT P.SSN as SSN, Name, Address, Birthdate, EmployeeID, Department, Salary FROM Person P, EmployeeTable E WHERE P.SSN = E.SSN --可记录对插入具有重复的社会安全号的行的尝试。PersonDuplicates 表记录插入的值、尝试插入操作的用户的用户名和插入的时间: CREATE TABLE PersonDuplicates ( SSN char(11), Name nvarchar(100), Address nvarchar(100), Birthdate datetime, InsertSNAME nchar(100), WhenInserted datetime ) --INSTEAD OF 触发器在单独视图的多个基表中插入行。将对插入具有重复社会安全号的行的尝试记录在 PersonDuplicates 表中。将 EmployeeTable 中的重复行更改为更新语句。 CREATE TRIGGER IO_Trig_INS_Employee ON Employee INSTEAD OF INSERT AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON -- Check for duplicate Person. If no duplicate, do an insert. IF (NOT EXISTS (SELECT P.SSN FROM Person P, inserted I WHERE P.SSN = I.SSN)) INSERT INTO Person SELECT SSN,Name,Address,Birthdate,Comment FROM inserted ELSE -- Log attempt to insert duplicate Person row in PersonDuplicates table. INSERT INTO PersonDuplicates SELECT SSN,Name,Address,Birthdate,SUSER_SNAME(),GETDATE() FROM inserted -- Check for duplicate Employee. If no duplicate, do an insert. IF (NOT EXISTS (SELECT E.SSN FROM EmployeeTable E, inserted WHERE E.SSN = inserted.SSN)) INSERT INTO EmployeeTable SELECT EmployeeID,SSN, Department, Salary,Comment FROM inserted ELSE --If duplicate, change to UPDATE so that there will not --be a duplicate key violation error. UPDATE EmployeeTable SET EmployeeID = I.EmployeeID, Department = I.Department, Salary = I.Salary, Comment = I.Comment FROM EmployeeTable E, inserted I WHERE E.SSN = I.SSN END

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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