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MySQL学习7:操作数据表(一)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 02:50 PM
mysqlstudyoperatedatabasedata sheet

数据表 数据表(或称为表)是数据库最重要的组成部分之一,是其它对象的基

       数据表

       数据表(或称为表)是数据库最重要的组成部分之一,是其它对象的基础。

       先来解决上一篇博客末尾说到的进入数据库验证的问题:

       验证当前数据库是哪一个的MySQL命令为:

       SELECT DATABASE();

       例子:

       SHOW DATABASES;

       USE t1;

       SELECT DATABASE();


       一创建数据表

       MySQL语法中创建数据表的语法格式为:

       CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] table_name(

            column_name data_type,

            ....

       ); 

      例子:      

<span style="font-size:18px;">CREATE TABLE tb1 (
          username VARCHAR(20),
          age TINYINT UNSIGNED,
          salary FLOAT(8,2) UNSIGNED
);</span>

     

         二查看数据表

         查看当前数据库中的数据表列表的语法格式为:

         SHOW TABLES [FROM db_name] [LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE expr];

         例子:

         默认情况下,如果不写数据库名称就是查看当前数据库(数据库t1)下的数据表列表:

         SHOW TABLES;  


        我们在这里不仅可以当前数据库,也可以查看其它数据库中的数据表列表,并且当前的数据库还是打开的那个数

据库(也就是数据库t1),并不会改变。

        例子:在这里我们查询MySQL服务中自带的mysql数据库中的数据表列表

        SHOW TABLES FROM mysql;


        SELECT DATABASE();


        三查看数据表结构

        查看一个数据表的结构的语法格式为:

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM table_name;

        在其它的地方,我还看到了另一个查看数据表结构的语法:

        DESC table_name;

        验证了一下,同样的适用。

        例子:

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM tb1;

        DESC tb1;


        四记录的插入与查找

        (1)INSERT命令

        插入记录的语法格式:

        INSERT [INTO] table_name [(col_name,...)] VALUES(val,...);

        例子:

        如果省略到所有字段,就是给全部的字段都来赋值:

        INSERT tb1 VALUES('Tom',25,7334.25);

        如果我们省略一个字段的值不写就会报错,

        INSERT tb1 VALUES('Tom',25);

        如果我们只想给某一个或某些字段赋值,就要写出那些赋值的字段的名称:

        INSERT tb1(username,age) VALUES('john',22);


        (2)SECECT命令

        查找记录的语法格式(这里只是简单的记录查看,后面我们会介绍详细的记录查看语法格式):

        SELECT expr,... FROM table_name;

        例子:

        列出某数据表的全部字段(以后详细介绍)。

        SELECT * FROM tb1;


        五空值与非空

        NULL,表示字段值可以为空。

        NOT NULL,表示字段值禁止为空。

        例子:

<span style="font-size:18px;">CREATE TABLE tb2(
            username VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
            age TINYINT UNSIGNED NULL
);</span>

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM tb2;


        假设我们现在插入记录:

        INSERT tb2 VALUES('Tom',NULL);

        SELECT * FROM tb2;

        INSERT tb2 VALUES(NULL,23);


       下一篇MySQL的文章我们继续操作数据表,并且会初步设计约束的知识。


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