修改数据表包括添加列、删除列、添加约束、删除约束,修改列定义和修改数据表名称,后面的两个我们使用时 一定要谨慎,尽量不使用。 下面就来一个一个单独介绍怎么修改数据表: 一添加数据表中的列 (1)添加单列 MySQL数据库的数据表中添加单列的语法式为: A
修改数据表包括添加列、删除列、添加约束、删除约束,修改列定义和修改数据表名称,后面的两个我们使用时
一定要谨慎,尽量不使用。
下面就来一个一个单独介绍怎么修改数据表:
一添加数据表中的列
(1)添加单列
MySQL数据库的数据表中添加单列的语法格式为:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD [COLUMN] col_name columns_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name];
例子:
SHOW COLUMNS FROM users1;
ALTER TABLE users1 ADD age TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 10;
SHOW COLUMNS FROM users1;
再来增加一个password字段并把这列放在username字段的后面:
ALTER TABLE users1 ADD password VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL AFTER username;
SHOW COLUMNS FROM users1;
增加一个truename字段并把这列放在第一列的位置(也就是放在所有字段的前面):
ALTER TABLE users1 ADD truename VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL FIRST;
SHOW COLUMNS FROM users1;

(2)添加多列
MySQL数据库的数据表中添加多列的语法格式为:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD [COLUMN] (col_name columns_definition,...);
例子:这里我们只是添加两列
ALTER TABLE users1 ADD (password VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL AFTER username,age TINYINT UNSIGNED
NOT NULL DEFAULT 10);
DESC users1;
和添加单列不同的是添加多列只能在所有列的后面添加多列。
二删除数据表中的列
(1)删除单列
MySQL数据库中的数据表删除单列的语法格式:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP [COLUMN] col_name;
例子;
ALTER TABLE users1 DROP truename;
SHOW COLUMNS FROM users1;

(2)删除多列
MySQL数据库的数据表中删除多列的语法格式:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP [COLUMN] col_name1,DROP [COLUMN] col_name2,...;
例子:这里只是删除两列
ALTER TABLE users1 DROP password,DROP age;
SHOW COLUMNS FROM users1;
三添加约束
(1)添加主键约束
MySQL数据库的数据表中添加主键约束的语法格式为:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...);
先来创建一张数据表users2:
CREATE TABLE users2(
username VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
pid SMALLINT UNSIGNED
);
SHOW CREATE TABLE users2;
上述表明数据表中并没有主键约束。
添加主键约束的例子:
1)首先添加一个要做为主键的列:
ALTER TABLE users2 ADD id SMALLINT UNSIGNED;
SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;

2)在要做为主键的列添加主键约束: ALTER TABLE users2 ADD CONSTRAINT PK_users2_id PRIMARY KEY (id);
SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;
上面的例子中我们也可以不加关键字CONSTRAINT,加上它我们就可以为这个主键约束起一个名字,我们所起
的主键名称为PK_users2_id,为了以后方便操作主键,我们最好给主键起个名字。
(2)添加唯一约束
MySQL数据库中的数据表添加唯一约束的语法格式:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX| KEY] [index_name] [index_type]
(index_col_name,...);
例子:
ALTER TABLE users2 ADD UNIQUE (username);
SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;

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No,youshouldnotusetherootuserinMySQLforyourproduct.Instead,createspecificuserswithlimitedprivilegestoenhancesecurityandperformance:1)Createanewuserwithastrongpassword,2)Grantonlynecessarypermissionstothisuser,3)Regularlyreviewandupdateuserpermissions

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