前言 当对MySQL进行大量的增删改操作的时候,很容易产生一些碎片,这些碎片占据着空间,所以可能会出现删除很多数据后,数据文件大小变化不大的现象。当然新插入的数据仍然会利用这些碎片。但过多的碎片,对数据的插入操作是有一定影响的,此时,我们可以通
前言
当对MySQL进行大量的增删改操作的时候,很容易产生一些碎片,这些碎片占据着空间,所以可能会出现删除很多数据后,数据文件大小变化不大的现象。当然新插入的数据仍然会利用这些碎片。但过多的碎片,对数据的插入操作是有一定影响的,此时,我们可以通过optimize来对表的优化。
为了更加直观的看到数据碎片,Mysql可以使用如下命令查看
show table status [like table_name]
如下图
data_free选项代表数据碎片。
针对MySQL的不同数据库存储引擎,在optimize使用清除碎片,回收闲置的数据库空间,把分散存储(fragmented)的数据和索引重新挪到一起(defragmentation),对I/O速度有好处。
当然optimize在对表进行操作的时候,会加锁,所以不宜经常在程序中调用。
MyISAM存储引擎
针对MyISAM表,直接使用如下命令进行优化
optimize table table1[,table2][,table3]
如果同时优化多个表可以使用逗号分隔。
下面优化dede_member_vhistory表,可以看出,优化后data_free值为0。
#InnoDB存储引擎
InnoDB引擎的表分为独享表空间和同享表空间的表,我们可以通过show variables like ‘innodb_file_per_table’;来查看是否开启独享表空间。
我本地是开启了独享表空间的。此时是无法对表进行optimize操作的,如果操作,会返回如图信息,最后的一条Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead。因为该结构下删除了大量的行,此时索引会重组并且会释放相应的空间因此不必优化。

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In MySQL, add fields using ALTERTABLEtable_nameADDCOLUMNnew_columnVARCHAR(255)AFTERexisting_column, delete fields using ALTERTABLEtable_nameDROPCOLUMNcolumn_to_drop. When adding fields, you need to specify a location to optimize query performance and data structure; before deleting fields, you need to confirm that the operation is irreversible; modifying table structure using online DDL, backup data, test environment, and low-load time periods is performance optimization and best practice.


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