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jQuery basic tutorial for operating various elements_jquery

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2016-05-16 16:38:321228browse

The examples in this article describe jQuery's operations on elements, including basic operations, selecting elements to be operated on, and processing DOM elements. It has a good reference value for learning jQuery. Share it with everyone for your reference. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Basics

jquery object set:

$(): collection of jquery objects

Get elements in jquery object set:

Get the javascript element in the wrapper using index:

var temp = $('img[alt]')[0]

Use jquery's get method to get the javascript elements in the jquery object set:

var temp = $('img[alt]').get(0)

Use jquery's eq method to get the jquery object elements in the jquery object set:

$('img[alt]').eq(0)
$('img[alt]').first()
$('img[alt]').last()

Convert jquery object set to javascript array:

var arr = $('label+button').toArray()

All button elements of the same level behind the label are converted into javascript arrays

Index of jquery object set:
var n = $('img').index($('img#id')[0]) Note: The index() parameter is a javascript element
var n = $('img').index('img#id') is equivalent to the previous line. If not found, returns -1
var n = $('img').index() gets the index of img in the same level element

Add more jquery object sets to the jquery object set:
Use commas:

$('img[alt],img[title]')

Use add method:

$('img[alt]').add('img[title]')

Take different methods for different jquery objects:

$('img[alt]').addClass('thickBorder').add('img[title]').addClass('');

Add newly created element to jquery object set:

$('p').add('<div></div>');

Delete elements from jquery object set:

$('img[title]').not('[title*=pu]')
$('img').not(function(){return !$(this).hasClass('someClassname')})

Filter jquery object set:
$('td').filter(function(){return this.innerHTML.match(^d $)}) filters td

containing numbers

Get a subset of jquery object set

$('*').slice(0,4) A new set of jquery objects containing the first 4 elements
$('*').slice(4) A new set of jquery objects containing the first 4 elements
$('div').has('img[alt]')

Convert elements in jquery object set:

var allIds = $('div').map(function(){
 return (this.id==undefined) &#63; null : this.id;
}).get();

The above example can be converted into a javascript array through the get method.

Traverse the elements in the jquery object set:

$('img').each(function(n){
 this.alt = '这是第['+n+']张图片,图片的id是' + this.id;
})
$([1,2,3]).each(function(){alert(this);})

Get a set of jquery objects using relationships between elements:

$(this).closest('div') For example, in which div the triggered button occurs
$(this).siblings('button[title="Close"]')All sibling elements, excluding itself
$(this).children('.someclassname')All child node elements, excluding duplicate child nodes
$(this).closest('') is close to the ancestor element
$(this).contents() is a set of jquery objects composed of element contents. For example, you can get the d5ba1642137c3f32f4f4493ae923989c element content
$(this).next('.someclassname')Next sibling element
All sibling elements after $(this).nextAll()
All sibling elements after $(this).nextUntil('.someclassname') until the target element
is encountered $(this).offsetParent()The parent element closest to the jquery object set
$(this).parent()direct parent element
$(this).parents()all parent elements
$(this).parrentsUntil() all parent elements until the target parent element
$(this).prev()Previous sibling element
All sibling elements before $(this).prevAll()
All sibling elements before $(this).prevTntl() until the target element

Other ways to get jquery object sets:

$(this).find(p span)

Determine whether it is a jquery object set:

var hasImg = $('*').is('img');

jquery method:

$().hide()
$().addClass('')
$().html('')
$('a').size()Number of elements

jquery selector:

$('p:even')
$('tr:nth-child(1)')
$('body > div') direct child element
$('a[href=$='pdf']')Select according to attributes
$(div:has(a)) filter

jquery function:

$.trim()
jquery execution time:
$(document).ready(function(){});
$(function(){});

Create DOM element:

$('<p></p>').insertAfter();
$('<img>',{
 src: '',
 alt: '',
 title: '',
 click: function(){}
}).css({
 cursor:'pointer',
 border:'',
 padding:'',
 backgroundColor:'white'
}).append('');

jquery extension:

$.fn.disable = function(){
 return this.each(function(){
 if(this.disabled != null) this.disabled = true;
 })
};
$('').disable();

jquery测试元素是否存在:

if(item)(){}else{} 宽松测试
if(item != null) 推荐测试,能把null和undefined区别开

2、选择要操作的元素

根据标签名:$('a')  
根据id:$('#id')
根据类名:$('.someclassname')
满足多个条件:$('a#id.someclassname') 或 $('div,span')
某个元素的所有子节点:$(p a.someclassname)
某个元素的直接子节点:$(ul.myList > li)
根据属性名:
$(a[href^='http://']) 以...开头
$(href$='.pdf')以...结尾
$(form[method])包含method属性的form
$(intput[type='text'])
$(intput[name!=''])
$(href*='some')包含

某元素后的第一个元素:$(E+F)匹配的是F,F是E后面的第一个元素

某元素后的某一个元素:$(E~F)匹配的是F,F是E后面的某一个元素

通过位置:

$(li:first)第一个li
$(li:last)最后一个li
$(li:even)偶数行li
$(li:odd)奇数行li
$(li:eq(n))第n个元素,索引从0开始
$(li:gt(n))第n个元素之后的元素,索引从0开始
$(li:lt(n))第n个元素之前的元素,索引从0开始
$(ul:first-child)列表中的第一个li
$(ul:last-child)列表中的最后一个li
$(ul:nth-child(n))列表中的第n个li
$(ul:only-child)没有兄弟li的ul
$(ul:nth-child(even))列表中的偶数行li,odd为计数行li
$(ul:nth-child(5n+1))列表中被5除余1的li

通过过滤器:

$(input:not(:checkbox))
$(':not(img[src*="dog"])')
$('img:not([src*="dog"])')
$(div:has(span))
$('tr:has(img[src$="pu.png"])')
$(tr:animated)处于动画状态的tr
$(input:button)包括type类型为button,reset,submit的Input
$(input:checkbox)等同于$(input[type=checkbox])
$(span:contains(food))包含文字food的span
$(input:disabled)禁用
$(input:enabled)启用
$(input:file)等同于$(input[type=file])
$(:header)h1到h6
$(input:hidden)
$(input:image)等同于$(input[type=image])
$(:input)包括input, select, textarea, button元素
$(tr:parent)
$(input:password)等同于$(input[type=password])
$(input:radio)等同于$(input[type=radio])
$(input:reset)等同于$(input[type=reset])或$(button[type=reset])
$('.clssname:selected')
$(input:submit)等同于$(input[type=submit])或$(button[type=submit])
$(input:text)等同于$(input[type=text])
$(div:visible)

3、处理DOM元素  

操作元素的属性:

$('*').each(function(n){
 this.id = this.tagName + n;
})

获取属性值:

$('').attr('');

设置属性值:

$('*').attr('title', function(index, previousValue){
 return previousValue + ' I am element ' + index + ' and my name is ' + this.id;
}) //为一个属性设置值
$('input').attr({
 value: '',
 title: ''
}); //为多个属性设置值

删除属性:

$('p').removeAttr('value');

让所有链接都在新窗口中打开:

$('a[href^="http://"]').attr('target',"_blank");

避免表单多次提交:

$("form").submit(function(){
 $(":submit", this).attr("disabled","disabled");
})

添加类名:

$('#id').addClass('')

删除类名:

$('#id').removeClass('')

切换类名:

$('#id').toggleClass('')

存在就删除类名,不存在就添加类名
判断是否含有类名:

$('p:first').hasClass('') $('p:first').is('')

以数组形式返回类名列表:

$.fn.getClassNames = function(){
 var name = this.attr('someclsssname');
 if(name != null){
 return name.split(" ");
 }
 else
 {
 return [];
 }
}

设置样式:

$('div.someclassname').css(function(index, currentWidth){
 return currentWidth + 20;
});
$('div').css({
 cursor: 'pointer',
 border: '1px solid black',
 padding: '12px 12px 20px 20x',
 bacgroundColor: 'White'
});

有关尺寸:

$(div).width(500)
$('div').height()
$('div').innerHeight()
$('div').innerWidth()
$('div').outerHeight(true)
$('div').outerWidth(false)

有关定位:

$('p').offset()相对于文档的参照位置
$('p').position()偏移父元素的相对位置
$('p').scrollLeft()水平滚动条的偏移值
$('p').scrollLeft(value)
$('p').scrollTop()
$('p').scrollTop(value)

有关元素内容:

$('p').html()
$('p').html('')
$('p').text()
$('p').text('')

追加内容

在元素末尾追加一段html:

$('p').append('<b>some text</b>');

在元素末尾dom中现有的元素:

$('p').append($(a.someclassname))

在元素开头追加:

$("p").prepend()

在元素的前面追加:

$("span").before()

在元素的后面追加:

$("span")after()

把内容追加到末尾:

appendTo(targets)

把内容追加到开头:

prependTo(targets)

把内容追加到元素前面:

insertBefore(targets)

把内容追加到元素后面:

$('<p></p>').insertAfter('p img');

包裹元素:

$('a.someclassname').wrap("07696998b3b678eb4661474f91839ba416b28748ea4df4d9c2150843fecfba68")
$('a.someclassname').wrap($("div:first")[0])
$('a.someclassname').wrapAll()
$('a.someclassname').wrapInner()
$('a.someclassname').unWrap()

删除元素:

$('.classname').remove()删除元素,绑定到元素上的事件和数据也会被删除
$('.classname').detach()删除元素,但保留事件和数据
$('.classname').empty()不删除元素,但清空元素内容

复制元素:

$('img').clone().appendTo('p.someclassname')
$('ul').clone().insertBefore('#id')

替换元素:

$('img[alt]').each(function(){
 $(this).replaceWith('<span>' + $(this).attr('alt') + '</span>');
})
$("p").replaceAll("<b></b>")

关于表单元素的值:

$('[name="radioGroup"]:checked').val()获取单选按钮的值,如果没有选中一个,返回undefined
var checkboxValues = $('[name="checkboxGroup"]:checked').map(function(){
 return $(this).val();
}).toArray(); //获取多选框的值

对于e6d7620a2d38edfa6339e44aa37aea3d使用$('#list').val()返回值的数组
$('input').val(['one','two','three'])如果单选框或复选框与数组中的元素匹配,则选中状态

相信本文所述对大家的jQuery程序设计有一定的借鉴价值。

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