“gg=G”中“=”的工作机制是怎样的?
VIM有个 gg=G 格式化代码指令。
gg=G 里只有 = 才是关键,剩下的只是帮助 = 确定作用范围而已。
= 的工作机制是这样的:
1、首先它寻找用户指定的外部缩进工具,若有则使用该工具对目标范围进行缩进操作。用于指定外部缩进工具的选项是 equalprg,你应该看一下关于它的文档,另外vimcasts 有一期视频演示了一个实例,在该实例中 Drew Neil 演示了如何使用 Par 来格式化纯文本,之后还有一个实例演示了用 pandoc 来格式化 HTML。尽管这两个例子里使用的是 formatprg 和 formatexpr 参数(对应的是 gq 而不是 =,即格式化而不是缩进),但原理和用法却是相通的。
2、然而 equalprg 默认值是空,如果你没有合适的外部缩进工具,Vim 就会使用内置的缩进功能 C-indenting 和 'lisp',这两个的文档你也最好看一看。此外若你使用的 Vim 编译时未包含内置缩进功能的话,就会用自带的 indent() 函数来干活儿——这是最后的手段了,文档也值得一看(你自己写缩进脚本时可以用到)。
3、还有一个重要的设置是 indentexpr。刚才说过若 equalprg 未设置,= 会使用C-indenting 和 'lisp' 的功能,但如果此时设置了 indentexpr 的话,则会取代前面二者以及其他所有的内置缩进表达式(indent-expression)。
如果你对 equalprg 和 indentexpr 傻傻分不清楚,很简单:前者只影响 = 的效果而后者决定所有的缩进功能,比如说我们除了可以使用 = 调整缩进之外,在 INPUT 模式下换行 Vim 也会自动调整缩进。所以 indentexpr 的影响范围更大,也是用来自定义缩进规则的主要手段(同时还有一个 indentkeys 也很有用,这俩的文档更要好好看)。
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PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

PHP is not dead. 1) The PHP community actively solves performance and security issues, and PHP7.x improves performance. 2) PHP is suitable for modern web development and is widely used in large websites. 3) PHP is easy to learn and the server performs well, but the type system is not as strict as static languages. 4) PHP is still important in the fields of content management and e-commerce, and the ecosystem continues to evolve. 5) Optimize performance through OPcache and APC, and use OOP and design patterns to improve code quality.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the project requirements. 1) PHP is suitable for web development, easy to learn, rich community resources, but the syntax is not modern enough, and performance and security need to be paid attention to. 2) Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and easy to learn, but there are bottlenecks in execution speed and memory management.

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.


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