项目开发中,很多时候要将外部CSV文件导入到数据库中或者将数据导出为CSV文件,那么具体该如何实现呢?本文将使用PHP并结合mysql,实现了CSV格式数据的导入和导
我们先准备mysql数据表,假设项目中有一张记录学生信息的表student,并有id,name,sex,age分别记录学生的姓名、性别、年龄等信息。
复制代码 代码如下:
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`sex` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`age` smallint(3) NOT NULL default '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
我们还需要一个html交互页面,放置导入表单和导出按钮。
复制代码 代码如下:
选择好本地csv文件后,点击导入,提交到do.php?action=import处理,而点击导出按钮则请求地址do.php?action=export进行数据导出处理。
1.导入CSV
do.php需要根据get过来的参数,分别处理导入和导出过程,php结构如下:
复制代码 代码如下:
include_once ("connect.php"); //连接数据库
$action = $_GET['action'];
if ($action == 'import') //导入CSV
{
//导入处理
}elseif($action=='export') //导出CSV
{
//导出处理
}
导入CSV处理流程:校验csv文件合法性(本文忽略)->打开读入并解析csv文件中的字段->循环获取各字段值->批量添加到数据表中->完成。
复制代码 代码如下:
if ($action == 'import') { //导入CSV
$filename = $_FILES['file']['tmp_name'];
if(emptyempty ($filename))
{
echo '请选择要导入的CSV文件!';
exit;
}
$handle = fopen($filename, 'r');
$result = input_csv($handle); //解析csv
$len_result = count($result);
if($len_result==0)
{
echo '没有任何数据!';
exit;
}
for($i = 1; $i
{
$name = iconv('gb2312', 'utf-8', $result[$i][0]); //中文转码
$sex = iconv('gb2312', 'utf-8', $result[$i][1]);
$age = $result[$i][2];
$data_values .= "('$name','$sex','$age'),";
}
$data_values = substr($data_values,0,-1); //去掉最后一个逗号
fclose($handle); //关闭指针
$query = mysql_query("insert into student (name,sex,age) values $data_values"); //批量插入数据表中
if($query)
{
echo '导入成功!';
}else{
echo '导入失败!';
}
}
注意php自带的fgetcsv函数可以轻松处理csv,使用该函数可以从文件指针中读入一行并解析CSV字段。下面的函数将csv文件字段解析并以数组的形式返回。
复制代码 代码如下:
function input_csv($handle)
{
$out = array ();
$n = 0;
while ($data = fgetcsv($handle, 10000))
{
$num = count($data);
for ($i = 0; $i
{
$out[$n][$i] = $data[$i];
}
$n++;
}
return $out;
}
此外在导入到数据库中时,我们采用的是批量插入而不是一条条插入的,因此在构建SQL语句时,要稍作处理,见代码。
2.导出CSV

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