Benutzermodell verbessern

Question

Ich versuche, das Benutzermodell um eine weitere Tabelle (Profil) zu erweitern, um das Profilbild, den Standort usw. abzurufen.

Kann ich dazu die Funktion index() des Benutzermodells überschreiben?

Aktueller Modellcode:

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable;

    protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'email',
        'password',
        'user_group'
    ];

    protected $hidden = [
        'password',
        'remember_token',
    ];

    protected $casts = [
        'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
    ];
}

Answer 1

您想要做的是在User 模型和新的Profile 模型之间建立关系。为此，您首先需要创建一个模型 Profile 及其关联的 Tabble profiles

php artisan make:model Profile --migration

在database\migrations中应该有一个名为2022_11_28_223831_create_profiles_table.php

的文件

现在您需要添加一个外键来指示此配置文件属于哪个用户。

public function up()
{
    Schema::create('profiles', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        // $table->string('path_to_picture')
        // user id
        $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

现在在您的用户模型中添加以下函数

public function profile()
{
    return $this->hasOne(Profile::class);
}

在您的个人资料模型中

public function user()
{
    return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}

运行php artisan migrate，一切都应该按预期工作

如果您想测试关系是否按预期工作，请创建一个新的测试用例

php artisan make:test ProfileUserRelationTest

在tests\Feature\ProfileUserRelationTest.php

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithFaker;
use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Profile;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;

class ProfileUserRelationTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;
    public function test_the_relation_between_user_and_profile_works()
    {
        $user = User::create([
            'name' => 'John Doe',
            'email' => 'jd@example.com',
            'password' => Hash::make('password'),
        ]);
        $profile = new Profile();
        $profile->user_id = $user->id;
        $profile->save();

        $this->assertEquals($user->id, $profile->user->id);
        $this->assertEquals($user->name, $profile->user->name);
        $this->assertEquals($profile->id, $user->profile->id);
    }
}

现在您可以运行 php artisan test 来查看是否一切正常。

小心这会刷新您的数据库！所以不要在生产中进行测试。

输出应该是这样的

PASS  Tests\Unit\ExampleTest
  ✓ that true is true

   PASS  Tests\Feature\ExampleTest
  ✓ the application returns a successful response

   PASS  Tests\Feature\ProfileUserRelationTest
  ✓ the relation between user and profile works

  Tests:  3 passed
  Time:   0.35s

了解有关 Laravel 中关系的更多信息：https://laravel.com/docs/ 9.x/雄辩关系

了解有关迁移的更多信息：https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/迁移

替代方案

$user = User::create([
    'name' => 'John Doe',
    'email' => 'jd@example.com',
    'password' => Hash::make('password'),
]);

$user->profile()->create(...); // replace the ... with the things you want to insert you dont need to add the user_id since it will automatically added it. It will still work like the one above.