Detaillierte Erläuterung von Parameterbindungsanmerkungen wie @RequestParam @RequestBody @PathVariable

Einführung:

Handler-Methodenparameter, die häufig verwendete Anmerkungen binden. Wir unterteilen sie entsprechend den verschiedenen Inhaltsteilen der von ihnen verarbeiteten Anforderung in vier Kategorien: (hauptsächlich Erläuterung gängiger Typen)

A . Verarbeitungsanmerkungen für den Anforderungs-URI-Teil (bezieht sich hier auf die Variable in der URI-Vorlage, mit Ausnahme des queryString-Teils): @PathVariable;

B. Anmerkungen zur Verarbeitung des Anforderungsheaderteils: @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;

C, Anmerkungen zur Verarbeitung des Anfragetextteils: @RequestParam, @RequestBody;

D. Anmerkungen zur Verarbeitung von Attributtypen: @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;

1. @PathVariable

Bei Verwendung der @RequestMapping-URI-Vorlagenstilzuordnung, also someUrl/{paramId}, kann die paramId zu diesem Zeitpunkt an den von ihr an den Parameter von übergebenen Wert gebunden werden die Methode über die Annotation @Pathvariable.

Beispielcode:

 
@Controller 
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}") 
publicclass RelativePathUriTemplateController
 { 
 
  @RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}") 
  publicvoid findPet(@PathVariable String
 ownerId, @PathVariable String petId,
 Model model) {     
    // implementation
 omitted 
  } 
}

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {

  @RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}")
  public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {    
    // implementation omitted
  }
}

Der obige Code bindet den Wert der VariablenownerId und petId in der URI-Vorlage an die Parameter der Methode. Wenn der Methodenparametername nicht mit dem Variablennamen in der zu bindenden URI-Vorlage übereinstimmt, müssen Sie den Namen in der URI-Vorlage in @PathVariable("name") angeben.

2. @RequestHeader, @CookieValue

Die Annotation @RequestHeader kann den Wert des Request-Header-Teils an die Parameter der Methode binden.

Beispielcode:

Dies ist der Header-Teil einer Anfrage:

 
Host                    localhost:8080 
Accept                  text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9 
Accept-Language         fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 
Accept-Encoding         gzip,deflate 
Accept-Charset          ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 
Keep-Alive              300

Host                    localhost:8080
Accept                  text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9
Accept-Language         fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding         gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset          ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive              300

1. @RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do") 
   publicvoid displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding")
    String encoding, 
                                 @RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive) 
    { 
    
     //... 
    
   }

@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding,
                              @RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive)  {

  //...

}

Der obige Code bindet den Wert von Accept-Encoding im Anforderungsheader an die Parameterkodierung und den Wert des Keep-Alive-Headers an der Parameter keepAlive.

@CookieValue 可以把Request header中关于cookie的值绑定到方法的参数上。

例如有如下Cookie值：

 

1. JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84

JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84

参数绑定的代码：

@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do") 
publicvoid displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID")
 String cookie)  { 
 
  //... 
 
}

@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie)  {
  //...
}

即把JSESSIONID的值绑定到参数cookie上。

 

3、@RequestParam, @RequestBody

@RequestParam

A） 常用来处理简单类型的绑定，通过Request.getParameter() 获取的String可直接转换为简单类型的情况（ String--> 简单类型的转换操作由ConversionService配置的转换器来完成）；因为使用request.getParameter()方式获取参数，所以可以处理get 方式中queryString的值，也可以处理post方式中 body data的值；

B）用来处理Content-Type: 为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容，提交方式GET、POST；

C) 该注解有两个属性： value、required； value用来指定要传入值的id名称，required用来指示参数是否必须绑定；

示例代码：

@Controller 
@RequestMapping("/pets") 
@SessionAttributes("pet") 
publicclass EditPetForm
 { 
 
    // ... 
 
    @RequestMapping(method
 = RequestMethod.GET) 
    public String
 setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId,
 ModelMap model) { 
        Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId); 
        model.addAttribute("pet",
 pet); 
        return"petForm"; 
    } 
 
    // ...

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/pets")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm {

    // ...

    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId, ModelMap model) {
        Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId);
        model.addAttribute("pet", pet);
        return "petForm";
    }

    // ...

 

@RequestBody

该注解常用来处理Content-Type: 不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容，例如application/json, application/xml等；

它是通过使用HandlerAdapter 配置的HttpMessageConverters来解析post data body，然后绑定到相应的bean上的。

因为配置有FormHttpMessageConverter，所以也可以用来处理 application/x-www-form-urlencoded的内容，处理完的结果放在一个MultiValueMap05ad6303f369fc4ccec4412db2772d19里，这种情况在某些特殊需求下使用，详情查看FormHttpMessageConverter api;

示例代码：

 
@RequestMapping(value
 = "/something", method = RequestMethod.PUT) 
publicvoid handle(@RequestBody String
 body, Writer writer) throws IOException
 { 
  writer.write(body); 
}

@RequestMapping(value = "/something", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public void handle(@RequestBody String body, Writer writer) throws IOException {
  writer.write(body);
}

 

4、@SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute

@SessionAttributes:

该注解用来绑定HttpSession中的attribute对象的值，便于在方法中的参数里使用。

该注解有value、types两个属性，可以通过名字和类型指定要使用的attribute 对象；

示例代码：

 
@Controller 
@RequestMapping("/editPet.do") 
@SessionAttributes("pet") 
publicclass EditPetForm
 { 
    // ... 
}

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/editPet.do")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm {
    // ...
}

 

@ModelAttribute

该注解有两个用法，一个是用于方法上，一个是用于参数上；

用于方法上时：  通常用来在处理@RequestMapping之前，为请求绑定需要从后台查询的model；

用于参数上时： 用来通过名称对应，把相应名称的值绑定到注解的参数bean上；要绑定的值来源于：

A） @SessionAttributes 启用的attribute 对象上；

B） @ModelAttribute 用于方法上时指定的model对象；

C） 上述两种情况都没有时，new一个需要绑定的bean对象，然后把request中按名称对应的方式把值绑定到bean中。

 

用到方法上@ModelAttribute的示例代码：

// Add one attribute 
// The return value
 of the method is added to the model under the name "account" 
// You can customize
 the name via @ModelAttribute("myAccount") 
 
@ModelAttribute 
public Account
 addAccount(@RequestParam String number)
 { 
    return accountManager.findAccount(number); 
}

// Add one attribute
// The return value of the method is added to the model under the name "account"
// You can customize the name via @ModelAttribute("myAccount")

@ModelAttribute
public Account addAccount(@RequestParam String number) {
    return accountManager.findAccount(number);
}

这种方式实际的效果就是在调用@RequestMapping的方法之前，为request对象的model里put（“account”， Account）；

 

 

用在参数上的@ModelAttribute示例代码：

@RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit",
 method = RequestMethod.POST) 
public String
 processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet)
 { 
    
}

@RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet) {
   
}

首先查询 @SessionAttributes有无绑定的Pet对象，若没有则查询@ModelAttribute方法层面上是否绑定了Pet对象，若没有则将URI template中的值按对应的名称绑定到Pet对象的各属性上。

 

补充讲解：

问题： 在不给定注解的情况下，参数是怎样绑定的？

通过分析AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter和RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的源代码发现，方法的参数在不给定参数的情况下：

若要绑定的对象时简单类型：  调用@RequestParam来处理的。 

若要绑定的对象时复杂类型：  调用@ModelAttribute来处理的。

这里的简单类型指java的原始类型(boolean, int 等)、原始类型对象（Boolean, Int等）、String、Date等ConversionService里可以直接String转换成目标对象的类型；

 

下面贴出AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter中绑定参数的部分源代码：

private Object[]
 resolveHandlerArguments(Method handlerMethod, Object handler, 
            NativeWebRequest webRequest, ExtendedModelMap implicitModel) throws Exception
 { 
 
        Class[] paramTypes = handlerMethod.getParameterTypes(); 
        Object[] args = new Object[paramTypes.length]; 
 
        for (int i
 = 0; i < args.length; i++) { 
            MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(handlerMethod,
 i); 
            methodParam.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer); 
            GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(methodParam, handler.getClass()); 
            String paramName = null; 
            String headerName = null; 
            boolean requestBodyFound
 = false; 
            String cookieName = null; 
            String pathVarName = null; 
            String attrName = null; 
            boolean required
 = false; 
            String defaultValue = null; 
            boolean validate
 = false; 
            Object[] validationHints = null; 
            int annotationsFound
 = 0; 
            Annotation[] paramAnns = methodParam.getParameterAnnotations(); 
 
            for (Annotation
 paramAnn : paramAnns) { 
                if (RequestParam.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
 { 
                    RequestParam requestParam = (RequestParam) paramAnn; 
                    paramName = requestParam.value(); 
                    required = requestParam.required(); 
                    defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestParam.defaultValue()); 
                    annotationsFound++; 
                } 
                elseif (RequestHeader.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
 { 
                    RequestHeader requestHeader = (RequestHeader) paramAnn; 
                    headerName = requestHeader.value(); 
                    required = requestHeader.required(); 
                    defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestHeader.defaultValue()); 
                    annotationsFound++; 
                } 
                elseif (RequestBody.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
 { 
                    requestBodyFound = true; 
                    annotationsFound++; 
                } 
                elseif (CookieValue.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
 { 
                    CookieValue cookieValue = (CookieValue) paramAnn; 
                    cookieName = cookieValue.value(); 
                    required = cookieValue.required(); 
                    defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(cookieValue.defaultValue()); 
                    annotationsFound++; 
                } 
                elseif (PathVariable.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
 { 
                    PathVariable pathVar = (PathVariable) paramAnn; 
                    pathVarName = pathVar.value(); 
                    annotationsFound++; 
                } 
                elseif (ModelAttribute.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
 { 
                    ModelAttribute attr = (ModelAttribute) paramAnn; 
                    attrName = attr.value(); 
                    annotationsFound++; 
                } 
                elseif (Value.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
 { 
                    defaultValue = ((Value) paramAnn).value(); 
                } 
                elseif (paramAnn.annotationType().getSimpleName().startsWith("Valid"))
 { 
                    validate = true; 
                    Object value = AnnotationUtils.getValue(paramAnn); 
                    validationHints = (value instanceof Object[]
 ? (Object[]) value : new Object[]
 {value}); 
                } 
            } 
 
            if (annotationsFound
 > 1) { 
                thrownew IllegalStateException("Handler
 parameter annotations are exclusive choices - " + 
                        "do
 not specify more than one such annotation on the same parameter: " + handlerMethod); 
            } 
 
            if (annotationsFound
 == 0) {//
 若没有发现注解 
                Object argValue = resolveCommonArgument(methodParam, webRequest);    //判断WebRquest是否可赋值给参数 
                if (argValue
 != WebArgumentResolver.UNRESOLVED) { 
                    args[i] = argValue; 
                } 
                elseif (defaultValue
 != null)
 { 
                    args[i] = resolveDefaultValue(defaultValue); 
                } 
                else { 
                    Class<?> paramType = methodParam.getParameterType(); 
                    if (Model.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)
 || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType))
 { 
                        if (!paramType.isAssignableFrom(implicitModel.getClass()))
 { 
                            thrownew IllegalStateException("Argument
 [" + paramType.getSimpleName() + "]
 is of type " + 
                                    "Model
 or Map but is not assignable from the actual model. You may need to switch " + 
                                    "newer
 MVC infrastructure classes to use this argument."); 
                        } 
                        args[i] = implicitModel; 
                    } 
                    elseif (SessionStatus.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType))
 { 
                        args[i] = this.sessionStatus; 
                    } 
                    elseif (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType))
 { 
                        args[i] = resolveHttpEntityRequest(methodParam, webRequest); 
                    } 
                    elseif (Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType))
 { 
                        thrownew IllegalStateException("Errors/BindingResult
 argument declared " + 
                                "without
 preceding model attribute. Check your handler method signature!"); 
                    } 
                    elseif (BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(paramType))
 {// 判断是否参数类型是否是简单类型，若是在使用@RequestParam方式来处理,否则使用@ModelAttribute方式处理 
                        paramName = ""; 
                    } 
                    else { 
                        attrName = ""; 
                    } 
                } 
            } 
 
            if (paramName
 != null)
 { 
                args[i] = resolveRequestParam(paramName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler); 
            } 
            elseif (headerName
 != null)
 { 
                args[i] = resolveRequestHeader(headerName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler); 
            } 
            elseif (requestBodyFound)
 { 
                args[i] = resolveRequestBody(methodParam, webRequest, handler); 
            } 
            elseif (cookieName
 != null)
 { 
                args[i] = resolveCookieValue(cookieName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler); 
            } 
            elseif (pathVarName
 != null)
 { 
                args[i] = resolvePathVariable(pathVarName, methodParam, webRequest, handler); 
            } 
            elseif (attrName
 != null)
 { 
                WebDataBinder binder = 
                        resolveModelAttribute(attrName, methodParam, implicitModel, webRequest, handler); 
                boolean assignBindingResult
 = (args.length > i + 1 && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i
 + 1])); 
                if (binder.getTarget()
 != null)
 { 
                    doBind(binder, webRequest, validate, validationHints, !assignBindingResult); 
                } 
                args[i] = binder.getTarget(); 
                if (assignBindingResult)
 { 
                    args[i + 1]
 = binder.getBindingResult(); 
                    i++; 
                } 
                implicitModel.putAll(binder.getBindingResult().getModel()); 
            } 
        } 
 
        return args; 
    }

private Object[] resolveHandlerArguments(Method handlerMethod, Object handler,
			NativeWebRequest webRequest, ExtendedModelMap implicitModel) throws Exception {

		Class[] paramTypes = handlerMethod.getParameterTypes();
		Object[] args = new Object[paramTypes.length];

		for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
			MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(handlerMethod, i);
			methodParam.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
			GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(methodParam, handler.getClass());
			String paramName = null;
			String headerName = null;
			boolean requestBodyFound = false;
			String cookieName = null;
			String pathVarName = null;
			String attrName = null;
			boolean required = false;
			String defaultValue = null;
			boolean validate = false;
			Object[] validationHints = null;
			int annotationsFound = 0;
			Annotation[] paramAnns = methodParam.getParameterAnnotations();

			for (Annotation paramAnn : paramAnns) {
				if (RequestParam.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
					RequestParam requestParam = (RequestParam) paramAnn;
					paramName = requestParam.value();
					required = requestParam.required();
					defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestParam.defaultValue());
					annotationsFound++;
				}
				else if (RequestHeader.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
					RequestHeader requestHeader = (RequestHeader) paramAnn;
					headerName = requestHeader.value();
					required = requestHeader.required();
					defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestHeader.defaultValue());
					annotationsFound++;
				}
				else if (RequestBody.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
					requestBodyFound = true;
					annotationsFound++;
				}
				else if (CookieValue.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
					CookieValue cookieValue = (CookieValue) paramAnn;
					cookieName = cookieValue.value();
					required = cookieValue.required();
					defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(cookieValue.defaultValue());
					annotationsFound++;
				}
				else if (PathVariable.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
					PathVariable pathVar = (PathVariable) paramAnn;
					pathVarName = pathVar.value();
					annotationsFound++;
				}
				else if (ModelAttribute.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
					ModelAttribute attr = (ModelAttribute) paramAnn;
					attrName = attr.value();
					annotationsFound++;
				}
				else if (Value.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
					defaultValue = ((Value) paramAnn).value();
				}
				else if (paramAnn.annotationType().getSimpleName().startsWith("Valid")) {
					validate = true;
					Object value = AnnotationUtils.getValue(paramAnn);
					validationHints = (value instanceof Object[] ? (Object[]) value : new Object[] {value});
				}
			}

			if (annotationsFound > 1) {
				throw new IllegalStateException("Handler parameter annotations are exclusive choices - " +
						"do not specify more than one such annotation on the same parameter: " + handlerMethod);
			}

			if (annotationsFound == 0) {// 若没有发现注解
				Object argValue = resolveCommonArgument(methodParam, webRequest);    //判断WebRquest是否可赋值给参数
				if (argValue != WebArgumentResolver.UNRESOLVED) {
					args[i] = argValue;
				}
				else if (defaultValue != null) {
					args[i] = resolveDefaultValue(defaultValue);
				}
				else {
					Class<?> paramType = methodParam.getParameterType();
					if (Model.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
						if (!paramType.isAssignableFrom(implicitModel.getClass())) {
							throw new IllegalStateException("Argument [" + paramType.getSimpleName() + "] is of type " +
									"Model or Map but is not assignable from the actual model. You may need to switch " +
									"newer MVC infrastructure classes to use this argument.");
						}
						args[i] = implicitModel;
					}
					else if (SessionStatus.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
						args[i] = this.sessionStatus;
					}
					else if (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
						args[i] = resolveHttpEntityRequest(methodParam, webRequest);
					}
					else if (Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
						throw new IllegalStateException("Errors/BindingResult argument declared " +
								"without preceding model attribute. Check your handler method signature!");
					}
					else if (BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(paramType)) {// 判断是否参数类型是否是简单类型，若是在使用@RequestParam方式来处理,否则使用@ModelAttribute方式处理
						paramName = "";
					}
					else {
						attrName = "";
					}
				}
			}

			if (paramName != null) {
				args[i] = resolveRequestParam(paramName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
			}
			else if (headerName != null) {
				args[i] = resolveRequestHeader(headerName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
			}
			else if (requestBodyFound) {
				args[i] = resolveRequestBody(methodParam, webRequest, handler);
			}
			else if (cookieName != null) {
				args[i] = resolveCookieValue(cookieName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
			}
			else if (pathVarName != null) {
				args[i] = resolvePathVariable(pathVarName, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
			}
			else if (attrName != null) {
				WebDataBinder binder =
						resolveModelAttribute(attrName, methodParam, implicitModel, webRequest, handler);
				boolean assignBindingResult = (args.length > i + 1 && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i + 1]));
				if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
					doBind(binder, webRequest, validate, validationHints, !assignBindingResult);
				}
				args[i] = binder.getTarget();
				if (assignBindingResult) {
					args[i + 1] = binder.getBindingResult();
					i++;
				}
				implicitModel.putAll(binder.getBindingResult().getModel());
			}
		}

		return args;
	}

RequestMappingHandlerAdapter中使用的参数绑定，代码稍微有些不同，有兴趣的同仁可以分析下，最后处理的结果都是一样的。

 

示例：

@RequestMapping ({"/", "/home"}) 
    public String
 showHomePage(String key){ 
         
        logger.debug("key="+key); 
         
        return"home"; 
    }

@RequestMapping ({"/", "/home"})
public String showHomePage(String key){
logger.debug("key="+key);
return "home";
}

这种情况下，就调用默认的@RequestParam来处理。

 
@RequestMapping (method
 = RequestMethod.POST) 
public String
 doRegister(User user){ 
    if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){ 
        logger.debug("process
 url[/user], method[post] in "+getClass()); 
        logger.debug(user); 
    } 
 
    return"user"; 
}

@RequestMapping (method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String doRegister(User user){
if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
logger.debug("process url[/user], method[post] in "+getClass());
logger.debug(user);
}
return "user";
}

这种情况下，就调用@ModelAttribute来处理。

 以上就是@RequestParam @RequestBody @PathVariable 等参数绑定注解详解的内容，更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网（www.php.cn）！