Detaillierte Erläuterung von Parameterbindungsanmerkungen wie @RequestParam @RequestBody @PathVariable
- 黄舟Original
- 2017-03-03 10:27:442341Durchsuche
Einführung:
Handler-Methodenparameter, die häufig verwendete Anmerkungen binden. Wir unterteilen sie entsprechend den verschiedenen Inhaltsteilen der von ihnen verarbeiteten Anforderung in vier Kategorien: (hauptsächlich Erläuterung gängiger Typen)
A . Verarbeitungsanmerkungen für den Anforderungs-URI-Teil (bezieht sich hier auf die Variable in der URI-Vorlage, mit Ausnahme des queryString-Teils): @PathVariable;
B. Anmerkungen zur Verarbeitung des Anforderungsheaderteils: @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;
C, Anmerkungen zur Verarbeitung des Anfragetextteils: @RequestParam, @RequestBody;
D. Anmerkungen zur Verarbeitung von Attributtypen: @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;
1. @PathVariable
Bei Verwendung der @RequestMapping-URI-Vorlagenstilzuordnung, also someUrl/{paramId}, kann die paramId zu diesem Zeitpunkt an den von ihr an den Parameter von übergebenen Wert gebunden werden die Methode über die Annotation @Pathvariable.
Beispielcode:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
publicclass RelativePathUriTemplateController
{
@RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}")
publicvoid findPet(@PathVariable String
ownerId, @PathVariable String petId,
Model model) {
// implementation
omitted
}
}
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {
@RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}")
public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {
// implementation omitted
}
}Der obige Code bindet den Wert der VariablenownerId und petId in der URI-Vorlage an die Parameter der Methode. Wenn der Methodenparametername nicht mit dem Variablennamen in der zu bindenden URI-Vorlage übereinstimmt, müssen Sie den Namen in der URI-Vorlage in @PathVariable("name") angeben.
2. @RequestHeader, @CookieValue
Die Annotation @RequestHeader kann den Wert des Request-Header-Teils an die Parameter der Methode binden.
Beispielcode:
Dies ist der Header-Teil einer Anfrage:
Host localhost:8080 Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9 Accept-Language fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive 300
Host localhost:8080 Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9 Accept-Language fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive 300
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do") publicvoid displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding, @RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive) { //... }
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding,
@RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive) {
//...
}Der obige Code bindet den Wert von Accept-Encoding im Anforderungsheader an die Parameterkodierung und den Wert des Keep-Alive-Headers an der Parameter keepAlive.
@CookieValue 可以把Request header中关于cookie的值绑定到方法的参数上。
例如有如下Cookie值：
JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84
JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84
参数绑定的代码：
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
publicvoid displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID")
String cookie) {
//...
}
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie) {
//...
}即把JSESSIONID的值绑定到参数cookie上。
3、@RequestParam, @RequestBody
@RequestParam
A） 常用来处理简单类型的绑定，通过Request.getParameter() 获取的String可直接转换为简单类型的情况（ String--> 简单类型的转换操作由ConversionService配置的转换器来完成）；因为使用request.getParameter()方式获取参数，所以可以处理get 方式中queryString的值，也可以处理post方式中 body data的值；
B）用来处理Content-Type: 为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容，提交方式GET、POST；
C) 该注解有两个属性： value、required； value用来指定要传入值的id名称，required用来指示参数是否必须绑定；
示例代码：
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/pets")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
publicclass EditPetForm
{
// ...
@RequestMapping(method
= RequestMethod.GET)
public String
setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId,
ModelMap model) {
Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId);
model.addAttribute("pet",
pet);
return"petForm";
}
// ...@Controller
@RequestMapping("/pets")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm {
// ...
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId, ModelMap model) {
Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId);
model.addAttribute("pet", pet);
return "petForm";
}
// ...
@RequestBody
该注解常用来处理Content-Type: 不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容，例如application/json, application/xml等；
它是通过使用HandlerAdapter 配置的HttpMessageConverters来解析post data body，然后绑定到相应的bean上的。
因为配置有FormHttpMessageConverter，所以也可以用来处理 application/x-www-form-urlencoded的内容，处理完的结果放在一个MultiValueMap05ad6303f369fc4ccec4412db2772d19里，这种情况在某些特殊需求下使用，详情查看FormHttpMessageConverter api;
示例代码：
@RequestMapping(value
= "/something", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
publicvoid handle(@RequestBody String
body, Writer writer) throws IOException
{
writer.write(body);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/something", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public void handle(@RequestBody String body, Writer writer) throws IOException {
writer.write(body);
}
4、@SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute
@SessionAttributes:
该注解用来绑定HttpSession中的attribute对象的值，便于在方法中的参数里使用。
该注解有value、types两个属性，可以通过名字和类型指定要使用的attribute 对象；
示例代码：
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/editPet.do")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
publicclass EditPetForm
{
// ...
}@Controller
@RequestMapping("/editPet.do")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm {
// ...
}
@ModelAttribute
该注解有两个用法，一个是用于方法上，一个是用于参数上；
用于方法上时： 通常用来在处理@RequestMapping之前，为请求绑定需要从后台查询的model；
用于参数上时： 用来通过名称对应，把相应名称的值绑定到注解的参数bean上；要绑定的值来源于：
A） @SessionAttributes 启用的attribute 对象上；
B） @ModelAttribute 用于方法上时指定的model对象；
C） 上述两种情况都没有时，new一个需要绑定的bean对象，然后把request中按名称对应的方式把值绑定到bean中。
用到方法上@ModelAttribute的示例代码：
// Add one attribute
// The return value
of the method is added to the model under the name "account"
// You can customize
the name via @ModelAttribute("myAccount")
@ModelAttribute
public Account
addAccount(@RequestParam String number)
{
return accountManager.findAccount(number);
}// Add one attribute
// The return value of the method is added to the model under the name "account"
// You can customize the name via @ModelAttribute("myAccount")
@ModelAttribute
public Account addAccount(@RequestParam String number) {
return accountManager.findAccount(number);
}这种方式实际的效果就是在调用@RequestMapping的方法之前，为request对象的model里put（“account”， Account）；
用在参数上的@ModelAttribute示例代码：
@RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit",
method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String
processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet)
{
}@RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet) {
}首先查询 @SessionAttributes有无绑定的Pet对象，若没有则查询@ModelAttribute方法层面上是否绑定了Pet对象，若没有则将URI template中的值按对应的名称绑定到Pet对象的各属性上。
补充讲解：
问题： 在不给定注解的情况下，参数是怎样绑定的？
通过分析AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter和RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的源代码发现，方法的参数在不给定参数的情况下：
若要绑定的对象时简单类型： 调用@RequestParam来处理的。
若要绑定的对象时复杂类型： 调用@ModelAttribute来处理的。
这里的简单类型指java的原始类型(boolean, int 等)、原始类型对象（Boolean, Int等）、String、Date等ConversionService里可以直接String转换成目标对象的类型；
下面贴出AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter中绑定参数的部分源代码：
private Object[]
resolveHandlerArguments(Method handlerMethod, Object handler,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, ExtendedModelMap implicitModel) throws Exception
{
Class[] paramTypes = handlerMethod.getParameterTypes();
Object[] args = new Object[paramTypes.length];
for (int i
= 0; i < args.length; i++) {
MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(handlerMethod,
i);
methodParam.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(methodParam, handler.getClass());
String paramName = null;
String headerName = null;
boolean requestBodyFound
= false;
String cookieName = null;
String pathVarName = null;
String attrName = null;
boolean required
= false;
String defaultValue = null;
boolean validate
= false;
Object[] validationHints = null;
int annotationsFound
= 0;
Annotation[] paramAnns = methodParam.getParameterAnnotations();
for (Annotation
paramAnn : paramAnns) {
if (RequestParam.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
{
RequestParam requestParam = (RequestParam) paramAnn;
paramName = requestParam.value();
required = requestParam.required();
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestParam.defaultValue());
annotationsFound++;
}
elseif (RequestHeader.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
{
RequestHeader requestHeader = (RequestHeader) paramAnn;
headerName = requestHeader.value();
required = requestHeader.required();
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestHeader.defaultValue());
annotationsFound++;
}
elseif (RequestBody.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
{
requestBodyFound = true;
annotationsFound++;
}
elseif (CookieValue.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
{
CookieValue cookieValue = (CookieValue) paramAnn;
cookieName = cookieValue.value();
required = cookieValue.required();
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(cookieValue.defaultValue());
annotationsFound++;
}
elseif (PathVariable.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
{
PathVariable pathVar = (PathVariable) paramAnn;
pathVarName = pathVar.value();
annotationsFound++;
}
elseif (ModelAttribute.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
{
ModelAttribute attr = (ModelAttribute) paramAnn;
attrName = attr.value();
annotationsFound++;
}
elseif (Value.class.isInstance(paramAnn))
{
defaultValue = ((Value) paramAnn).value();
}
elseif (paramAnn.annotationType().getSimpleName().startsWith("Valid"))
{
validate = true;
Object value = AnnotationUtils.getValue(paramAnn);
validationHints = (value instanceof Object[]
? (Object[]) value : new Object[]
{value});
}
}
if (annotationsFound
> 1) {
thrownew IllegalStateException("Handler
parameter annotations are exclusive choices - " +
"do
not specify more than one such annotation on the same parameter: " + handlerMethod);
}
if (annotationsFound
== 0) {//
若没有发现注解
Object argValue = resolveCommonArgument(methodParam, webRequest); //判断WebRquest是否可赋值给参数
if (argValue
!= WebArgumentResolver.UNRESOLVED) {
args[i] = argValue;
}
elseif (defaultValue
!= null)
{
args[i] = resolveDefaultValue(defaultValue);
}
else {
Class<?> paramType = methodParam.getParameterType();
if (Model.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)
|| Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType))
{
if (!paramType.isAssignableFrom(implicitModel.getClass()))
{
thrownew IllegalStateException("Argument
[" + paramType.getSimpleName() + "]
is of type " +
"Model
or Map but is not assignable from the actual model. You may need to switch " +
"newer
MVC infrastructure classes to use this argument.");
}
args[i] = implicitModel;
}
elseif (SessionStatus.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType))
{
args[i] = this.sessionStatus;
}
elseif (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType))
{
args[i] = resolveHttpEntityRequest(methodParam, webRequest);
}
elseif (Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType))
{
thrownew IllegalStateException("Errors/BindingResult
argument declared " +
"without
preceding model attribute. Check your handler method signature!");
}
elseif (BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(paramType))
{// 判断是否参数类型是否是简单类型，若是在使用@RequestParam方式来处理,否则使用@ModelAttribute方式处理
paramName = "";
}
else {
attrName = "";
}
}
}
if (paramName
!= null)
{
args[i] = resolveRequestParam(paramName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
}
elseif (headerName
!= null)
{
args[i] = resolveRequestHeader(headerName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
}
elseif (requestBodyFound)
{
args[i] = resolveRequestBody(methodParam, webRequest, handler);
}
elseif (cookieName
!= null)
{
args[i] = resolveCookieValue(cookieName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
}
elseif (pathVarName
!= null)
{
args[i] = resolvePathVariable(pathVarName, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
}
elseif (attrName
!= null)
{
WebDataBinder binder =
resolveModelAttribute(attrName, methodParam, implicitModel, webRequest, handler);
boolean assignBindingResult
= (args.length > i + 1 && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i
+ 1]));
if (binder.getTarget()
!= null)
{
doBind(binder, webRequest, validate, validationHints, !assignBindingResult);
}
args[i] = binder.getTarget();
if (assignBindingResult)
{
args[i + 1]
= binder.getBindingResult();
i++;
}
implicitModel.putAll(binder.getBindingResult().getModel());
}
}
return args;
}private Object[] resolveHandlerArguments(Method handlerMethod, Object handler,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, ExtendedModelMap implicitModel) throws Exception {
Class[] paramTypes = handlerMethod.getParameterTypes();
Object[] args = new Object[paramTypes.length];
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(handlerMethod, i);
methodParam.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(methodParam, handler.getClass());
String paramName = null;
String headerName = null;
boolean requestBodyFound = false;
String cookieName = null;
String pathVarName = null;
String attrName = null;
boolean required = false;
String defaultValue = null;
boolean validate = false;
Object[] validationHints = null;
int annotationsFound = 0;
Annotation[] paramAnns = methodParam.getParameterAnnotations();
for (Annotation paramAnn : paramAnns) {
if (RequestParam.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
RequestParam requestParam = (RequestParam) paramAnn;
paramName = requestParam.value();
required = requestParam.required();
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestParam.defaultValue());
annotationsFound++;
}
else if (RequestHeader.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
RequestHeader requestHeader = (RequestHeader) paramAnn;
headerName = requestHeader.value();
required = requestHeader.required();
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestHeader.defaultValue());
annotationsFound++;
}
else if (RequestBody.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
requestBodyFound = true;
annotationsFound++;
}
else if (CookieValue.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
CookieValue cookieValue = (CookieValue) paramAnn;
cookieName = cookieValue.value();
required = cookieValue.required();
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(cookieValue.defaultValue());
annotationsFound++;
}
else if (PathVariable.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
PathVariable pathVar = (PathVariable) paramAnn;
pathVarName = pathVar.value();
annotationsFound++;
}
else if (ModelAttribute.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
ModelAttribute attr = (ModelAttribute) paramAnn;
attrName = attr.value();
annotationsFound++;
}
else if (Value.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
defaultValue = ((Value) paramAnn).value();
}
else if (paramAnn.annotationType().getSimpleName().startsWith("Valid")) {
validate = true;
Object value = AnnotationUtils.getValue(paramAnn);
validationHints = (value instanceof Object[] ? (Object[]) value : new Object[] {value});
}
}
if (annotationsFound > 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Handler parameter annotations are exclusive choices - " +
"do not specify more than one such annotation on the same parameter: " + handlerMethod);
}
if (annotationsFound == 0) {// 若没有发现注解
Object argValue = resolveCommonArgument(methodParam, webRequest); //判断WebRquest是否可赋值给参数
if (argValue != WebArgumentResolver.UNRESOLVED) {
args[i] = argValue;
}
else if (defaultValue != null) {
args[i] = resolveDefaultValue(defaultValue);
}
else {
Class<?> paramType = methodParam.getParameterType();
if (Model.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
if (!paramType.isAssignableFrom(implicitModel.getClass())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Argument [" + paramType.getSimpleName() + "] is of type " +
"Model or Map but is not assignable from the actual model. You may need to switch " +
"newer MVC infrastructure classes to use this argument.");
}
args[i] = implicitModel;
}
else if (SessionStatus.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
args[i] = this.sessionStatus;
}
else if (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
args[i] = resolveHttpEntityRequest(methodParam, webRequest);
}
else if (Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Errors/BindingResult argument declared " +
"without preceding model attribute. Check your handler method signature!");
}
else if (BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(paramType)) {// 判断是否参数类型是否是简单类型，若是在使用@RequestParam方式来处理,否则使用@ModelAttribute方式处理
paramName = "";
}
else {
attrName = "";
}
}
}
if (paramName != null) {
args[i] = resolveRequestParam(paramName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
}
else if (headerName != null) {
args[i] = resolveRequestHeader(headerName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
}
else if (requestBodyFound) {
args[i] = resolveRequestBody(methodParam, webRequest, handler);
}
else if (cookieName != null) {
args[i] = resolveCookieValue(cookieName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
}
else if (pathVarName != null) {
args[i] = resolvePathVariable(pathVarName, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
}
else if (attrName != null) {
WebDataBinder binder =
resolveModelAttribute(attrName, methodParam, implicitModel, webRequest, handler);
boolean assignBindingResult = (args.length > i + 1 && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i + 1]));
if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
doBind(binder, webRequest, validate, validationHints, !assignBindingResult);
}
args[i] = binder.getTarget();
if (assignBindingResult) {
args[i + 1] = binder.getBindingResult();
i++;
}
implicitModel.putAll(binder.getBindingResult().getModel());
}
}
return args;
}RequestMappingHandlerAdapter中使用的参数绑定，代码稍微有些不同，有兴趣的同仁可以分析下，最后处理的结果都是一样的。
示例：
@RequestMapping ({"/", "/home"})
public String
showHomePage(String key){
logger.debug("key="+key);
return"home";
}
@RequestMapping ({"/", "/home"})
public String showHomePage(String key){
logger.debug("key="+key);
return "home";
}这种情况下，就调用默认的@RequestParam来处理。
@RequestMapping (method
= RequestMethod.POST)
public String
doRegister(User user){
if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
logger.debug("process
url[/user], method[post] in "+getClass());
logger.debug(user);
}
return"user";
}
@RequestMapping (method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String doRegister(User user){
if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
logger.debug("process url[/user], method[post] in "+getClass());
logger.debug(user);
}
return "user";
}这种情况下，就调用@ModelAttribute来处理。
以上就是@RequestParam @RequestBody @PathVariable 等参数绑定注解详解的内容，更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网（www.php.cn）！
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