《深入理解bootstrap》读书笔记：第二章整体架构

一. 整体架构 1. CSS-12栅格系统 把网页宽度均分为12等分（保留15位精度）——这是bootstrap的核心功能。 2.基础布局组件 包括排版、按钮、表格、布局、表单等等。 3.jQuery bootstrap插件的基础 4.响应式设计 兼容多个终端。这是bootstrap的终极理念。 5.css插件 提供丰富的样式。 6.js插件 二. 栅格系统 1.基本实现过程 定义容器的大小——跳转边距——媒询 有以下要求： （1）一行（row）数据必须包含在.container中。 .container默认居中。 宽度分为4种，超小屏（100%），小屏（750px），中屏（970px），大屏（1170px）。row的边距（左右margin，下同）是-15px。 （2）有了row，才能搭建列（col）。所有组件必须放在col内，只有col才能作为row的直接子元素。 .col的左右内边距（padding-left,right）为15px。也就是说，最小的col有30px。 （3）在以上基础上快速搭建布局 （4）col之间是木有边距的，应当使用padding来产生col的视觉距离。这样做会导致一个row容不下12个col，这时应当用负的margin来抵消padding的影响。 （5）栅格系统是通过指定1-12的值来设定范围的。对于col的规格，开发者指定了4个不同的屏幕 如图，在

内包含若干个 “1-12数字 ” ">col-md-“1-12数字”> 效果是

小结： col组合其实就用了两个属性：float:left和width%。 2. 实现方案 （1）偏移（.col-尺寸大小-offset-*） 把整个col向右边偏移，在源码实现上， .col-尺寸大小-offset-x 就是margin-left:8.33333333333...*x；

情景一：页面主体只占据container的66%，而且居中。 解决方案： col-md-offset-2——向右偏移了2个col。 1 div class = "col-md-8 col-md-offset-2" >col-md8 div > 情景二：宽度足够的情况下，我不想所有的col紧紧挨在一起。两个要有1个col的距离。 1 2 div class = "col-md-8" >col-md8 div > div class = "col-md-3 col-md-offset-1" >col-md3 div >

（2）嵌套 栅格系统的col是可以针对父级的row进一步再进行百分比的划分，比如说：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 div class = "row" > div class = "col-sm-12" >我是整行 br > div class = "col-sm-6" >我是一半 div class = "row" > div class = "col-sm-6" >我是6/12*6/12=1/4 div > div > div > div class = "col-sm-6" > div > div > div >

（3）排序 强行把当前列向左或者向右推拉

只有两个语句：col-尺寸大小-push-*（）和 col-尺寸大小-pull-*（）

1 2 3 div class = "row" > div class = "col-sm-3 col-sm-push-6" style = "background: #abc" >col3 div > div >

col3被强行推了6格。同理<code class="html plain" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"><code class="html keyword" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; min-height: auto !important; color: #006699 !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">div <code class="html color1" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; color: gray !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">class <code class="html plain" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">= <code class="html string" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; color: blue !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">"col-sm-3 col-sm-pull-1" <code class="html color1" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; color: gray !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">style <code class="html plain" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">= <code class="html string" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; color: blue !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">"background: #abc" <code class="html plain" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">>col3 <code class="html keyword" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; min-height: auto !important; color: #006699 !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">div <code class="html plain" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">>是向左拉了一格。

效果相当于绝对定位。在源码实现上，也是做定位：

1 .col-md-pull -8 { right : 66.66666666666666% ;}

3.响应式栅格若干问题 看起来12列栅格布局实现得很死板，但是组合屏幕尺寸，方案就非常多了

（1）跨设备组合 比如我要为自己的网页做一适配小屏和中屏的版本，可以把类叠加到class上。

1 div class = "col-sm-6 col-md-3" style = "background: #abc" >col3 div > 在中屏表现是1/4。 到了小屏，表现为1/2

如果我定义一个 1 div class = "col-xs-3" style = "background: #abc" >col3 div > 到了大屏，依然占25%。

结论：屏幕尺寸向大兼容。向小肯定不兼容！

（2）清除浮动 情景：在小屏幕上一行显示4个col3，在超小屏幕上一行显示2个col6，代码如何实现？

代码应该是这样的

1 2 3 4 div class = "col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style = "background: #abc" >col div > div class = "col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style = "background: #abc" >col div > div class = "col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style = "background: #abc" >col div > div class = "col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style = "background: #abc" >col div > 看起来也没问题。

如果把第一个div改为

1 div class = "col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style = "background: #abc" >col br >我胖了 div > 效果不佳。

这时应该加一个清除浮动的div到第2/3个div之间第四个就不会飘上去了

1 2 3 4 5 div class = "col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style = "background: #abc" >col br >我胖了 div > div class = "col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style = "background: #abc" >col div > div class = "clearfix visible-xs" > div > div class = "col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style = "background: #abc" >col div > div class = "col-xs-6 col-sm-3" style = "background: #abc" >col div >

所谓<code class="html color1" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; color: gray !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> class="clearfix visible-xs"，前者表示清除浮动，后者表示在超小屏生效<code class="html string" style="line-height: 16.5px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; float: none !important; left: auto !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-family: consolas, 'bitstream vera sans mono', 'courier new', courier, monospace !important; min-height: auto !important; color: blue !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> （3）“强大”的偏移和排序——组合应用的demo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 div class = "row" > div class = "col-sm-5 col-md-6" >.col-sm-5 .col-md-6 div > div class = "col-sm-5 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-0" >col-sm-5 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-0 div > div > div class = "row" > div class = "col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6" >.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6 div > div class = "col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-md-offset-2 col-lg-6 col-lgoffset-0" >col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-md-offset-2 col-lg-6 col-lgoffset-0 div > div > 布置类似这样的代码，可以很快实现不同设备宽度下的样式。

4.重复代码 作者认为bootstrap的代码重复率相当之高。

三.CSS组件架构的设计思想 作者把 bootstrap的CSS组件内容总结为8类

（1）基础样式 包括字体、内外边距，display方式，边框等。 （2）颜色 包括5中最基本的颜色 如果在Bootstrap官方网站看过btn按钮或者alert警告框的 样例，你会发现，Bootstrap默认为很多组件都提供了5种颜色的 样式，这5种颜色分别是：primary（重点蓝）、success（成功 绿）、info（信息蓝）、warning（警告橙）、danger（危险 红）。定义规则是：组件名称-颜色类型，如btn-primary、 alert-info。以按钮（btn为例） 也就是说根据组件特性来定义颜色信息1. （3）尺寸 一般组件都有对应屏幕的4种尺寸， 表示方式为：组件-尺寸，比如btn-lg、well-sm等等 实现方式为padding、圆角，行距及字体大小 （4）状态 涉及到阴影、透明度、虚框等 （5）特殊元素 （6）并列元素 （7）嵌套元素 （8）动画样式 主要用在进度条，在progress样式基础上再加一个active 1 2 3 4 5 div class = "progress progress-striped active" > div class = "progress-bar" style = "width: 45%" > span class = "sr-only" >45% Complete span > div > div > 定义动画主要是指定animattion和动画时间。 1 2 3 4 .progress.active .progress-bar { -webkit-animation: progress-bar-stripes 2 s linear infinite; /* 2秒过度40像素，无限循环 */ animation: progress-bar-stripes 2 s linear infinite; /* 其他浏览器 */ }

最后，需要说明，顺序很重要。否则样式大乱套。

四.插件架构 基本规则

（1）布局规则——基于元素自定义属性

（2）js实现步骤——向jQuery看齐

（3）可以是js声明，也可以是js调用

1.布局规则： js会检测到html中相应的属性，自动绑定事件，而无需额外的js代码。

比如说

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "btn-group" > "button" class= "btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle= "dropdown" > 我的书籍 "caret" > "dropdown-menu" > "#" >JavaScript编程精解 "#" >JavaScript设计模式 "#" >JavaScript启示录 "divider" > "#" >深入理解Bootstrap3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ul class = "nav nav-tabs" id = "myTab" > li class = "active" > a data-toggle = "tab" href = "#home" >首页 a > li > li class = "" > a data-toggle = "tab" href = "#profile" >个人资料 a > li > li class = "dropdown" > a data-toggle = "dropdown" href = "#" class = "dropdown-toggle" > 我的书籍 b class = "caret" > b > a > ul class = "dropdown-menu" > li > a data-toggle = "tab" href = "#dropdown1" >JavaScript编程精解 a > li > li > a data-toggle = "tab" href = "#dropdown2" >JavaScript设计模式 a > li > li > a data-toggle = "tab" href = "#dropdown3" >JavaScript启示录 a > li > li > a data-toggle = "tab" href = "#dropdown4" >深入理解Bootstrap a > li > ul > li > ul > div class = "tab-content" id = "myTabContent" > div id = "home" class = "tab-pane fade active in" > p >单击"首页"时显示该区域 p > div > div id = "profile" class = "tab-pane fade" > p >单击"个人资料"时显示该区域 p > div >

《深入理解bootstrap》读书笔记：第二章 整体架构

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《深入理解bootstrap》读书笔记：第二章整体架构