Heim > Artikel > Backend-Entwicklung > Laravel & Lumen RESTFul API 扩展包:Dingo API(四) -- 错误和异常响应
在构建API的时候处理错误是一件痛苦的事儿,在Dingo API中,你不需要手动构建错误响应,只需要抛出一个继承自 Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException的异常,API会自动为你处理这个响应。
下面是Dingo API内置的Symfony异常:
异常 | 状态码 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\AccessDeniedHttpException | 403 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\BadRequestHttpException | 400 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\ConflictHttpException | 409 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\GoneHttpException | 410 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException | 500 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\LengthRequiredHttpException | 411 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\MethodNotAllowedHttpException | 405 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\NotAcceptableHttpException | 406 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\NotFoundHttpException | 404 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\PreconditionFailedHttpException | 412 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\PreconditionRequiredHttpException | 428 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\ServiceUnavailableHttpException | 503 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\TooManyRequestsHttpException | 429 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\UnauthorizedHttpException | 401 |
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\UnsupportedMediaTypeHttpException | 415 |
下面是一个示例,当我们尝试更新一条已经被别人更新过的记录时抛出一个 ConflictHttpException异常:
$api->version('v1', function ($api) { $api->put('user/{id}', function ($id) { $user = User::find($id); if ($user->updated_at > app('request')->get('last_updated')) { throw new Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\ConflictHttpException('User was updated prior to your request.'); } // No error, we can continue to update the user as per usual. });});
Dingo API会自动捕获抛出的异常并将其转化为JSON格式,响应的HTTP状态码也会相应更改以匹配这个异常, ConflictHttpException对应的HTTP状态码是 409,默认的JSON格式错误信息如下:
{ "message": "User was updated prior to your request.", "status_code": 409}
以下是资源异常,每个异常都会返回 422状态码:
Dingo\Api\Exception\DeleteResourceFailedExceptionDingo\Api\Exception\ResourceExceptionDingo\Api\Exception\StoreResourceFailedExceptionDingo\Api\Exception\UpdateResourceFailedException
这些异常特殊之处在于你可以将创建、更新或者删除资源时遇到的验证错误传递到这些异常中。
下面我们就来看一个创建新用户验证失败抛出 StoreResourceFailedException异常的例子:
$api->version('v1', function ($api) { $api->post('users', function () { $rules = [ 'username' => ['required', 'alpha'], 'password' => ['required', 'min:7'] ]; $payload = app('request')->only('username', 'password'); $validator = app('validator')->make($payload, $rules); if ($validator->fails()) { throw new Dingo\Api\Exception\StoreResourceFailedException('Could not create new user.', $validator->errors()); } // Create user as per usual. });});
Dingo API会自动捕获抛出的异常并将其转化为JSON格式,响应的HTTP状态码也会更改为与异常相匹配的值,资源异常会返回 422状态码以及如下JSON格式错误信息:
{ "message": "Could not create new user.", "status_code": 422, "errors": { "username": [ "The username field is required." ], "password": [ "The password field is required." ] }}
你可以创建自定义的HTTP异常,前提是它们继承自 Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException或者实现了 Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpExceptionInterface接口。
如果你需要自定义异常返回的响应可以注册一个异常处理器:
app('Dingo\Api\Exception\Handler')->register(function (Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\UnauthorizedHttpException $exception) { return Response::make(['error' => 'Hey, what do you think you are doing!?'], 401);});
现在如果认证失败我们会显示如下JSON格式信息:
{ "error": "Hey, what do you think you are doing!?"}
如果你使用表单请求,那么需要继承API表单请求基类或者实现自己的类。API请求基类会检查输入请求是否是请求API,如果是的话当验证失败会抛出 Dingo\Api\Exception\ValidationHttpException异常。这个异常会被Dingo API渲染并返回错误响应。
如果你想要实现自己的表单请求,则必须重载 failedValidation和 failedAuthorization方法,这些方法必须抛出上述其中一种异常而不是Laravel抛出的HTTP异常。