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React 19 führt mehrere leistungsstarke neue Hooks ein, die die Art und Weise revolutionieren, wie wir mit Formularen umgehen und optimistische Aktualisierungen in unseren Anwendungen verwalten. In diesem Blog beschäftigen wir uns mit useFormStatus, useActionState und useOptimistic – drei Hooks, die unsere React-Anwendungen reaktionsschneller und benutzerfreundlicher machen.
Der useFormStatus-Hook stellt Echtzeitinformationen über Formularübermittlungen bereit und erleichtert so die Erstellung reaktionsfähiger und zugänglicher Formulare. Lassen Sie uns untersuchen, wie dieser Hook die Formularverarbeitungsfunktionen von React 18 verbessert.
function SubmitButton() { const { pending } = useFormStatus(); return ( <button disabled={pending}> {pending ? 'Submitting...' : 'Submit'} </button> ); } function SignupForm() { return ( <form action={async (formData) => { await submitSignupData(formData); }}> <input name="email" type="email" /> <input name="password" type="password" /> <SubmitButton /> </form> ); }
In React 18 müssten Sie den Ladestatus mithilfe von useState manuell verwalten. Der neue useFormStatus-Hook verarbeitet dies automatisch und reduziert den Boilerplate-Code.
function FormStatus() { const { pending, data, method } = useFormStatus(); return ( <div role="status"> {pending && <span>Submitting via {method}...</span>} {!pending && data && <span>Last submission: {new Date().toLocaleString()}</span>} </div> ); } function ContactForm() { return ( <form action={async (formData) => { await submitContactForm(formData); }}> <textarea name="message" /> <FormStatus /> <SubmitButton /> </form> ); }
function ValidationStatus() { const { pending, validationErrors } = useFormStatus(); return ( <div role="alert"> {validationErrors?.map((error, index) => ( <p key={index} className="error">{error}</p> ))} </div> ); } function RegistrationForm() { return ( <form action={async (formData) => { const errors = validateRegistration(formData); if (errors.length) throw errors; await register(formData); }}> <input name="username" /> <input name="email" type="email" /> <ValidationStatus /> <SubmitButton /> </form> ); }
function FormProgress() { const { pending, step, totalSteps } = useFormStatus(); return ( <div className="progress-bar"> <div className="progress" > <h3> Example 5: File Upload Progress </h3> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">function UploadProgress() { const { pending, progress } = useFormStatus(); return ( <div> {pending && progress && ( <div className="upload-progress"> <div className="progress-bar" > <h2> useActionState: Managing Action Results </h2> <p>The useActionState hook provides a way to track the state of form actions and server mutations, making it easier to handle success and error states.</p> <h3> Example 1: Basic Action State </h3> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">function SubmissionStatus() { const state = useActionState(); return ( <div> {state.status === 'success' && <p>Submission successful!</p>} {state.status === 'error' && <p>Error: {state.error.message}</p>} </div> ); } function CommentForm() { return ( <form action={async (formData) => { await submitComment(formData); }}> <textarea name="comment" /> <SubmissionStatus /> <SubmitButton /> </form> ); }
function ActionHistory() { const state = useActionState(); return ( <div> <h3>Recent Actions</h3> <ul> {state.history.map((action, index) => ( <li key={index}> {action.type} - {action.timestamp} {action.status === 'error' && ` (Failed: ${action.error.message})`} </li> ))} </ul> </div> ); }
function RetryableAction() { const state = useActionState(); return ( <div> {state.status === 'error' && ( <button onClick={() => state.retry()} disabled={state.retrying} > {state.retrying ? 'Retrying...' : 'Retry'} </button> )} </div> ); }
function ActionQueue() { const state = useActionState(); return ( <div> <h3>Pending Actions</h3> {state.queue.map((action, index) => ( <div key={index}> {action.type} - Queued at {action.queuedAt} <button onClick={() => action.cancel()}>Cancel</button> </div> ))} </div> ); }
function ActionStats() { const state = useActionState(); return ( <div> <h3>Action Statistics</h3> <p>Success Rate: {state.stats.successRate}%</p> <p>Average Duration: {state.stats.avgDuration}ms</p> <p>Total Actions: {state.stats.total}</p> </div> ); }
Der useOptimistic-Hook ermöglicht sofortige Aktualisierungen der Benutzeroberfläche, während auf Serverantworten gewartet wird, und sorgt so für ein reaktionsfähigeres Benutzererlebnis.
function TodoList() { const [todos, setTodos] = useState([]); const [optimisticTodos, addOptimisticTodo] = useOptimistic( todos, (state, newTodo) => [...state, newTodo] ); async function addTodo(formData) { const newTodo = { id: Date.now(), text: formData.get('todo'), completed: false }; addOptimisticTodo(newTodo); await saveTodo(newTodo); } return ( <div> <form action={addTodo}> <input name="todo" /> <button type="submit">Add Todo</button> </form> <ul> {optimisticTodos.map(todo => ( <li key={todo.id}>{todo.text}</li> ))} </ul> </div> ); }
function LikeButton({ postId, initialLikes }) { const [likes, setLikes] = useState(initialLikes); const [optimisticLikes, addOptimisticLike] = useOptimistic( likes, (state) => state + 1 ); async function handleLike() { addOptimisticLike(); await likePost(postId); } return ( <button onClick={handleLike}> {optimisticLikes} Likes </button> ); }
function CommentThread({ postId }) { const [comments, setComments] = useState([]); const [optimisticComments, addOptimisticComment] = useOptimistic( comments, (state, newComment) => [...state, newComment] ); async function submitComment(formData) { const comment = { id: Date.now(), text: formData.get('comment'), pending: true }; addOptimisticComment(comment); await saveComment(postId, comment); } return ( <div> <form action={submitComment}> <textarea name="comment" /> <button type="submit">Comment</button> </form> {optimisticComments.map(comment => ( <div key={comment.id}> <h3> Example 4: Optimistic Shopping Cart </h3> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">function ShoppingCart() { const [cart, setCart] = useState([]); const [optimisticCart, updateOptimisticCart] = useOptimistic( cart, (state, update) => { const { type, item } = update; switch (type) { case 'add': return [...state, item]; case 'remove': return state.filter(i => i.id !== item.id); case 'update': return state.map(i => i.id === item.id ? item : i); default: return state; } } ); async function updateCart(type, item) { updateOptimisticCart({ type, item }); await saveCart({ type, item }); } return ( <div> {optimisticCart.map(item => ( <div key={item.id}> {item.name} - ${item.price} <button onClick={() => updateCart('remove', item)}>Remove</button> </div> ))} </div> ); }
function UserSettings() { const [settings, setSettings] = useState({}); const [optimisticSettings, updateOptimisticSetting] = useOptimistic( settings, (state, update) => ({ ...state, [update.key]: update.value }) ); async function updateSetting(key, value) { updateOptimisticSetting({ key, value }); await saveSettings({ [key]: value }); } return ( <div> <div> <label> Theme: <select value={optimisticSettings.theme} onChange={e => updateSetting('theme', e.target.value)} > <option value="light">Light</option> <option value="dark">Dark</option> </select> </label> </div> <div> <label> Notifications: <input type="checkbox" checked={optimisticSettings.notifications} onChange={e => updateSetting('notifications', e.target.checked)} /> </label> </div> </div> ); }
Denken Sie daran, in der offiziellen React-Dokumentation nach den aktuellsten Informationen und Best Practices zu suchen, wenn Sie diese Hooks in Ihren Anwendungen verwenden.
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