Heim >Web-Frontend >js-Tutorial >Eine sichere Authentifizierung in NodeJS mit Mongodb-Datenbank.
jsonwebtoken (^9.0.0)
bcryptjs (^2.4.3)
Helm (^6.0.1)
cors (^2.8.5)
joi (^17.9.0)
dotenv (^16.0.3)
// Express server setup const express = require('express'); const app = express(); // Security middleware const helmet = require('helmet'); const cors = require('cors'); app.use(helmet()); app.use(cors()); // Environment variables require('dotenv').config(); // Database connection const mongoose = require('mongoose'); mongoose.connect(process.env.MONGODB_URI); // Validation example const Joi = require('joi'); const schema = Joi.object({ email: Joi.string().email().required() }); // Password hashing const bcrypt = require('bcryptjs'); const hashedPassword = await bcrypt.hash('password', 10); // JWT authentication const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken'); const token = jwt.sign({userId: 123}, process.env.JWT_SECRET);
project-root/ ├── src/ │ ├── config/ │ │ ├── database.js │ │ └── config.js │ ├── models/ │ │ ├── user.model.js │ │ └── product.model.js │ ├── controllers/ │ │ ├── user.controller.js │ │ └── product.controller.js │ ├── routes/ │ │ ├── user.routes.js │ │ └── product.routes.js │ ├── middleware/ │ │ ├── auth.middleware.js │ │ └── error.middleware.js │ ├── utils/ │ │ ├── logger.js │ │ └── validators.js │ └── app.js ├── .env ├── .gitignore └── package.json
{ "name": "node-mongoose-project", "version": "1.0.0", "main": "src/app.js", "scripts": { "start": "node src/app.js", "dev": "nodemon src/app.js" }, "dependencies": { "express": "^4.18.2", "mongoose": "^7.0.0", "dotenv": "^16.0.3", "joi": "^17.9.0", "jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.0", "bcryptjs": "^2.4.3", "cors": "^2.8.5", "helmet": "^6.0.1" }, "devDependencies": { "nodemon": "^2.0.22" } }
PORT=3000 MONGODB_URI=mongodb://localhost:27017/your-database JWT_SECRET=your-secret-key NODE_ENV=development
node_modules/ .env logs/ *.log
require('dotenv').config(); module.exports = { port: process.env.PORT || 3000, mongoUri: process.env.MONGODB_URI, jwtSecret: process.env.JWT_SECRET, nodeEnv: process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development', jwtExpiresIn: '1d' };
const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const config = require('./config'); const logger = require('../utils/logger'); const connectDB = async () => { try { await mongoose.connect(config.mongoUri, { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true }); logger.info('MongoDB connected successfully'); } catch (error) { logger.error('MongoDB connection error:', error); process.exit(1); } }; module.exports = connectDB;
const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const bcrypt = require('bcryptjs'); const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken'); const config = require('../config/config'); const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: { type: String, required: [true, 'Name is required'], trim: true, minlength: 3, maxlength: 50 }, email: { type: String, required: [true, 'Email is required'], unique: true, lowercase: true, trim: true }, password: { type: String, required: [true, 'Password is required'], minlength: 6, select: false }, role: { type: String, enum: ['user', 'admin'], default: 'user' } }, { timestamps: true }); // Pre-save middleware to hash password userSchema.pre('save', async function(next) { if (!this.isModified('password')) return next(); this.password = await bcrypt.hash(this.password, 12); next(); }); // Instance methods userSchema.methods.generateAuthToken = function() { return jwt.sign( { id: this._id, role: this.role }, config.jwtSecret, { expiresIn: config.jwtExpiresIn } ); }; userSchema.methods.comparePassword = async function(candidatePassword) { return await bcrypt.compare(candidatePassword, this.password); }; const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema); module.exports = User;
const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const productSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: { type: String, required: true, trim: true }, price: { type: Number, required: true, min: 0 }, description: String, category: { type: String, required: true }, createdBy: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User', required: true } }, { timestamps: true }); const Product = mongoose.model('Product', productSchema); module.exports = Product;
const User = require('../models/user.model'); const { validateUser } = require('../utils/validators'); const logger = require('../utils/logger'); exports.register = async (req, res) => { try { const { error } = validateUser(req.body); if (error) return res.status(400).json({ error: error.details[0].message }); const user = await User.create(req.body); const token = user.generateAuthToken(); res.status(201).json({ status: 'success', token, data: { user } }); } catch (error) { logger.error('Registration error:', error); res.status(400).json({ status: 'fail', message: error.message }); } }; exports.login = async (req, res) => { try { const { email, password } = req.body; const user = await User.findOne({ email }).select('+password'); if (!user || !(await user.comparePassword(password))) { return res.status(401).json({ status: 'fail', message: 'Invalid email or password' }); } const token = user.generateAuthToken(); res.json({ status: 'success', token }); } catch (error) { logger.error('Login error:', error); res.status(400).json({ status: 'fail', message: error.message }); } };
const express = require('express'); const router = express.Router(); const userController = require('../controllers/user.controller'); const auth = require('../middleware/auth.middleware'); router.post('/register', userController.register); router.post('/login', userController.login); router.get('/profile', auth, userController.getProfile); module.exports = router;
const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken'); const config = require('../config/config'); const User = require('../models/user.model'); module.exports = async (req, res, next) => { try { const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', ''); if (!token) { return res.status(401).json({ status: 'fail', message: 'No token provided' }); } const decoded = jwt.verify(token, config.jwtSecret); const user = await User.findById(decoded.id); if (!user) { return res.status(401).json({ status: 'fail', message: 'User not found' }); } req.user = user; next(); } catch (error) { res.status(401).json({ status: 'fail', message: 'Invalid token' }); } };
const logger = require('../utils/logger'); module.exports = (err, req, res, next) => { logger.error(err.stack); if (err.name === 'ValidationError') { return res.status(400).json({ status: 'fail', message: err.message }); } if (err.code === 11000) { return res.status(400).json({ status: 'fail', message: 'Duplicate field value' }); } res.status(err.status || 500).json({ status: 'error', message: err.message || 'Internal server error' }); };
const winston = require('winston'); const config = require('../config/config'); const logger = winston.createLogger({ level: config.nodeEnv === 'development' ? 'debug' : 'info', format: winston.format.combine( winston.format.timestamp(), winston.format.json() ), transports: [ new winston.transports.File({ filename: 'logs/error.log', level: 'error' }), new winston.transports.File({ filename: 'logs/combined.log' }) ] }); if (config.nodeEnv === 'development') { logger.add(new winston.transports.Console({ format: winston.format.simple() })); } module.exports = logger;
const Joi = require('joi'); exports.validateUser = (user) => { const schema = Joi.object({ name: Joi.string().min(3).max(50).required(), email: Joi.string().email().required(), password: Joi.string().min(6).required(), role: Joi.string().valid('user', 'admin') }); return schema.validate(user); }; exports.validateProduct = (product) => { const schema = Joi.object({ name: Joi.string().required(), price: Joi.number().min(0).required(), description: Joi.string(), category: Joi.string().required() }); return schema.validate(product); };
const express = require('express'); const cors = require('cors'); const helmet = require('helmet'); const config = require('./config/config'); const connectDB = require('./config/database'); const errorMiddleware = require('./middleware/error.middleware'); const userRoutes = require('./routes/user.routes'); const productRoutes = require('./routes/product.routes'); const logger = require('./utils/logger'); // Initialize express app const app = express(); // Connect to MongoDB connectDB(); // Middleware app.use(helmet()); app.use(cors()); app.use(express.json()); app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // Routes app.use('/api/users', userRoutes); app.use('/api/products', productRoutes); // Error handling app.use(errorMiddleware); // Start server app.listen(config.port, () => { logger.info(`Server running in ${config.nodeEnv} mode on port ${config.port}`); }); // Handle unhandled promise rejections process.on('unhandledRejection', (err) => { logger.error('UNHANDLED REJECTION! Shutting down...'); logger.error(err.name, err.message); process.exit(1); });
npm install
Richten Sie Ihre Umgebungsvariablen in .env ein
Starten Sie den Entwicklungsserver:
npm run dev
npm start
Testen Sie die API-Endpunkte mit Tools wie Postman oder Curl:
# Register a new user curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/users/register \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{"name": "John Doe", "email": "john@example.com", "password": "password123"}' # Login curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/users/login \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{"email": "john@example.com", "password": "password123"}'
Diese strukturierte Anleitung bietet eine vollständige Einrichtung für eine Node.js- und Mongoose-Anwendung mit der richtigen Organisation, Fehlerbehandlung und Sicherheitsfunktionen. Jede Datei hat ihre spezifische Verantwortung und sorgt dafür, dass die Codebasis wartbar und skalierbar ist.
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