Entwicklung von Kerndiensten und Dienstprogrammen in Angular 18

Kern ist eine Reihe von Funktionen, Konfigurationen und Dienstprogrammen, die in der Anwendung verwendet werden.

Normalerweise ist der Kern das, was Sie von Projekt zu Projekt ziehen. In diesem Fall habe ich versucht, nur das Nötigste zu nehmen.

Kurz über alles Kernstück:

• api/params.ts – Dienstprogramm zum Festlegen von Parametern. Beispielsweise gibt es in Abfrageparametern baggage=true, aber true muss kein String, sondern ein boolescher Wert sein;
• Währung/currency.ts – Währungskonfiguration;
• env/environment.ts – Abrufen und Verwenden von .env;
• form/form.ts – eine kleine Eingabe von FormGroup;
• form/extract-changes.directive.ts – Änderungserkennungsrichtlinie in FormControl;
• hammer/hammer.ts – hammerjs-Einstellungen;
• interceptors/content-type.interceptor.ts – Bestimmen des Inhaltstyps für HTTP-Anfragen;
• Metriken – Dienst zum Senden von Ereignissen an Google Analytics und Yandex-Metriken;
• navigation/mavigation.ts – Implementierung von Pfaden in der Anwendung;
• styles/extra-class.service.ts – mein Fahrrad für hängende Kurse;
• types/type.ts – benutzerdefinierte Typen;
• Dienstprogramme – Dienstprogramme zum Arbeiten mit Terminen und Fristen.

Nur ​​die Navigation verdient besondere Aufmerksamkeit.

App-Navigation verwalten

Sehen wir uns die Implementierung der Navigationssteuerung genauer an.

Angenommen, wir haben Routen für die gesamte Anwendung:

export const PATHS = {
  home: '',
  homeAvia: '',
  homeHotels: 'hotels',
  homeTours: 'tours',
  homeRailways: 'railways',

  rules: 'rules',
  terms: 'terms',
  documents: 'documents',
  faq: 'faq',
  cards: 'cards',
  login: 'login',
  registration: 'registration',

  notFound: 'not-found',
  serverError: 'server-error',
  permissionDenied: 'permission-denied',

  search: 'search',
  searchAvia: 'search/avia',
  searchHotel: 'search/hotels',
  searchTour: 'search/tours',
  searchRailway: 'search/railways',
} as const;

PathValues ​​​​– ein Typ, der eine Reihe von Zeichenfolgen darstellt.

export type PathValues = (typeof PATHS)[keyof typeof PATHS];

type Filter<T extends string> = T extends `:${infer Param}` ? Param : never;

type Split<Value extends string> = Value extends `${infer LValue}/${infer RValue}` ? Filter<LValue> | Split<RValue> : Filter<Value>;

export type GetPathParams<T extends string> = {
  [key in Split<T>]: string | number;
};

export interface NavigationLink<T extends PathValues = PathValues> {
  readonly label: string;
  readonly route: T;
  readonly params?: GetPathParams<T>;
  readonly suffix?: string;
}

NavigationLink – Link-Array-Schnittstelle.

getRoute teilt den String mit Parametern auf und ersetzt die gefundenen Schlüssel durch die übergebenen Werte:

export function getRoute<T extends PathValues>(path: T, params: Record<string, string | number> = {}): (string | number)[] {
  const segments = path.split('/').filter((value) => value?.length);
  const routeWithParams: (string | number)[] = ['/'];

  for (const segment of segments) {
    if (segment.charAt(0) === ':') {
      const paramName = segment.slice(1);
      if (params && params[paramName]) {
        routeWithParams.push(params[paramName]);
      } else {
        routeWithParams.push(paramName);
      }
    } else {
      routeWithParams.push(segment);
    }
  }

  return routeWithParams;
}

Neueste Funktionen zum „Formen“ von Pfaden in Anwendungsrouten:

export function getChildPath(path: PathValues, parent: PathValues): string {
  return path.substring(parent.length + 1);
}

export function childNavigation(route: NavigationChild, parent: PathValues): Route {
  const redirectTo = route.redirectTo ? `/${route.redirectTo}` : undefined;

  if (!route.path.length || route.path.length < parent.length + 1) {
    return { ...route, redirectTo };
  }

  return {
    ...route,
    redirectTo,
    path: getChildPath(route.path, parent),
  };
}

export function withChildNavigation(parent: PathValues): (route: NavigationChild) => Route {
  return (route: NavigationChild) => childNavigation(route, parent);
}

Anwendungsbeispiel. In app.routes:

export const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: '',
    loadComponent: () => import('@baf/ui/layout').then((m) => m.LayoutComponent),
    children: [
      {
        path: PATHS.search,
        loadChildren: () => import('./routes/search.routes').then((m) => m.searchRoutes),
      },
    ],
  },
];

In Routen/search.routes.ts:

import { Routes } from '@angular/router';
import { PATHS, withChildNavigation } from '@baf/core';

export const searchRoutes: Routes = [
  {
    path: PATHS.searchAvia,
    title: $localize`:Search Page:Search for cheap flights`,
    loadComponent: () => import('@baf/search/page').then((m) => m.SearchPageComponent),
  },
].map(withChildNavigation(PATHS.search));

Analytik

Dienst zum Senden von Ereignissen an Google Analytics und Yandex Metrika – Metriken:

import { InjectionToken } from '@angular/core';

export interface MetricConfig {
  readonly ids?: string[];
  readonly counter?: number;
  readonly domains: string[];
  readonly paths: string[];
}

export const METRIC_CONFIG = new InjectionToken<MetricConfig>('MetricConfig');

MetricConfig – Konfiguration von Google- und Yandex-Metriken:

• ids – Google IDS-Liste;
• Zähler - Yandex Metrika-Zähler;
• Domänen – Liste der Domänen zum Kombinieren von Analysesitzungen;
• Pfade – eine Reihe von Pfaden, wenn Referrer zurückgesetzt werden sollen.

Allgemeiner Service zum Versenden von Ereignissen:

import { inject, Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { takeUntilDestroyed } from '@angular/core/rxjs-interop';
import { NavigationEnd, Router } from '@angular/router';
import { filter } from 'rxjs';
import { tap } from 'rxjs/operators';

import { GoogleAnalytics } from './google-analytics';
import { YandexMetrika } from './yandex.metrika';

export interface MetricOptions {
  readonly [key: string]: unknown;

  readonly ym?: Record<string, unknown>;
  readonly ga?: Record<string, unknown>;
}

export function extractOptions(options?: MetricOptions): { readonly ym?: Record<string, unknown>; readonly ga?: Record<string, unknown> } {
  let { ym, ga } = options ?? {};

  if (options) {
    if (!ym && !ga) {
      ym = options;
      ga = options;
    }
  }

  return { ym, ga };
}

@Injectable()
export class MetricService {
  private readonly router = inject(Router);
  private readonly yandexMetrika = inject(YandexMetrika);
  private readonly googleAnalytics = inject(GoogleAnalytics);

  constructor() {
    this.router.events
      .pipe(
        filter((event): event is NavigationEnd => event instanceof NavigationEnd),
        tap((event) => this.navigation(event.urlAfterRedirects)),
        takeUntilDestroyed(),
      )
      .subscribe();
  }

  init(customerId?: string | number) {
    this.set({
      ga: customerId ? { user_id: customerId } : undefined,
      ym: customerId ? { UserID: customerId } : undefined,
    });
  }

  navigation(url: string): void {
    this.googleAnalytics.sendNavigation(url);
    this.yandexMetrika.hit(url);
  }

  send(action: string, options?: MetricOptions): void {
    const params = extractOptions(options);

    this.googleAnalytics.sendEvent(action, params.ga);
    this.yandexMetrika.reachGoal(action, params.ym);
  }

  set(options: MetricOptions): void {
    const params = extractOptions(options);

    if (params.ga) {
      this.googleAnalytics.set(params.ga);
    }
    if (params.ym) {
      this.yandexMetrika.set(params.ym);
    }
  }
}

Servicemethoden:

• init – Initialisierung der Zähler;
• Navigation – Senden eines Seitenübergangsereignisses;
• senden - Registrierungsveranstaltung;
• set – Übergabe von Parametern an Analytics.

Implementierung des Google Analytics-Dienstes:

import { DOCUMENT, isPlatformBrowser } from '@angular/common';
import { inject, Injectable, PLATFORM_ID } from '@angular/core';
import { Title } from '@angular/platform-browser';

import { METRIC_CONFIG } from './metrica.interface';

declare global {
  interface Window {
    readonly gtag?: (...params: unknown[]) => void;
  }
}

@Injectable()
export class GoogleAnalytics {
  private readonly isBrowser = isPlatformBrowser(inject(PLATFORM_ID));
  private readonly document = inject(DOCUMENT);
  private readonly config = inject(METRIC_CONFIG);
  private readonly title = inject(Title);

  readonly gtag: (...params: unknown[]) => void;

  constructor() {
    if (this.isBrowser && typeof this.document.defaultView?.gtag !== 'undefined' && this.config.ids && this.config.ids?.length > 0) {
      this.gtag = this.document.defaultView.gtag;
    } else {
      this.gtag = () => {};
    }
  }

  set(payload: Record<string, unknown>): void {
    this.gtag('set', payload);
  }

  sendEvent(action: string, payload?: Record<string, unknown>): void {
    this.gtag('event', action, {
      ...payload,
      event_category: payload?.['eventCategory'],
      event_label: payload?.['eventLabel'],
      value: payload?.['eventValue'],
    });
  }

  sendNavigation(url: string): void {
    if (
      (this.isBrowser && !this.config.domains.every((domain) => this.document.referrer.indexOf(domain) < 0)) ||
      !this.config.paths.every((path) => this.document.location.pathname.indexOf(path) < 0)
    ) {
      this.set({ page_referrer: this.document.defaultView?.location.origin ?? '' });
    }

    if (this.config.ids) {
      for (const key of this.config.ids) {
        this.gtag('config', key, {
          page_title: this.title.getTitle(),
          page_path: url,
        });
      }
    }
  }
}

Yandex-Metriken:

import { DOCUMENT, isPlatformBrowser } from '@angular/common';
import { inject, Injectable, PLATFORM_ID } from '@angular/core';

import { METRIC_CONFIG } from './metrica.interface';

declare global {
  interface Window {
    readonly ym?: (...params: unknown[]) => void;
  }
}

@Injectable()
export class YandexMetrika {
  private readonly document = inject(DOCUMENT);
  private readonly isBrowser = isPlatformBrowser(inject(PLATFORM_ID));
  private readonly config = inject(METRIC_CONFIG);

  private readonly counter: (...params: unknown[]) => void;

  constructor() {
    if (this.isBrowser && typeof this.document.defaultView?.ym !== 'undefined' && !!this.config.counter) {
      this.counter = this.document.defaultView.ym;
    } else {
      this.counter = () => {};
    }
  }

  hit(url: string, options?: Record<string, unknown>): void {
    let clearReferrer = false;
    if (
      (this.isBrowser && !this.config.domains.every((domain) => this.document.referrer.indexOf(domain) < 0)) ||
      !this.config.paths.every((path) => this.document.location.pathname.indexOf(path) < 0)
    ) {
      clearReferrer = true;
    }

    const optionsAll: { referer?: string } = { ...options };
    if (clearReferrer) {
      optionsAll.referer = '';
    }
    this.counter(this.config.counter, 'hit', url, optionsAll);
  }

  reachGoal(target: string, options?: Record<string, unknown>): void {
    this.counter(this.config.counter, 'reachGoal', target, options);
  }

  set(params: Record<string, unknown>, options?: Record<string, unknown>): void {
    this.counter(this.config.counter, 'userParams', params, options);
  }
}

Kern

Dienstprogramm zum Casting von Anforderungsparametern – api/params.ts:

export type HttpParams = Record<string, string | number | boolean | ReadonlyArray<string | number | boolean>>;

export function castParams(all: Record<string, unknown>): HttpParams {
  const params: HttpParams = {};

  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(all)) {
    if (Array.isArray(value) && value.length > 0) {
      params[key] = value.filter((val) => {
        return typeof val === 'string' || typeof val === 'boolean' || typeof val === 'number';
      });
    } else if (typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'boolean' || typeof value === 'number') {
      params[key] = value;
    }
  }

  return params;
}

Währung einstellen – Währung/currency.ts:

import { DEFAULT_CURRENCY_CODE, Provider } from '@angular/core';

export function provideCurrency(currencyCode: string): Provider {
  return {
    provide: DEFAULT_CURRENCY_CODE,
    useValue: currencyCode,
  };
}

Umgebungsvariablen abrufen und verwenden – env/environment.ts:

import type { ApplicationConfig} from '@angular/core';
import { APP_INITIALIZER, makeStateKey, TransferState } from '@angular/core';

export const ENV_KEY = makeStateKey<Environment>('Environment');

export interface Environment {
  readonly aviasalesToken: string;
  readonly hotellookToken: string;
}

export const ENV_DEFAULT: Environment = {
  aviasalesToken: '',
  hotellookToken: '',
};

export function provideEnv() {
  return [
    {
      provide: APP_INITIALIZER,
      useFactory: (transferState: TransferState) => {
        return () => {
          transferState.set<Environment>(ENV_KEY, {
            aviasalesToken: process.env['AVIASALES_TOKEN'] ?? ENV_DEFAULT.aviasalesToken,
            hotellookToken: process.env['HOTELLOOK_TOKEN'] ?? ENV_DEFAULT.hotellookToken,
          });
        };
      },
      deps: [TransferState],
      multi: true,
    },
  ];
}

export const envConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
  providers: [provideEnv()],
};

Formulareingabe – form/form.ts:

import type { FormControl, FormGroup } from '@angular/forms';

export type FormFor<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]: FormControl<T[P]>;
};

export type FormWithSubFor<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]: T[P] extends Record<string, unknown> ? FormGroup<FormFor<T[P]>> : FormControl<T[P]>;
};

export function castQueryParams(queryParams: Record<string, unknown>, props?: string[]): Record<string, unknown> {
  const mapped: Record<string, unknown> = {};

  const keys = props ?? Object.keys(queryParams);

  for (const key of keys) {
    const value = queryParams[key];

    if (typeof value === 'string' && value.length > 0) {
      if (['true', 'false'].includes(value)) {
        mapped[key] = value === 'true';
      } else if (!isNaN(Number(value))) {
        mapped[key] = Number(value);
      } else {
        mapped[key] = value;
      }
    } else if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
      mapped[key] = value;
    } else if (typeof value === 'number' && value > 0) {
      mapped[key] = value;
    }
  }

  return mapped;
}

FormControl-Änderungserkennungsanweisung:

import type { FormControl, FormGroup } from '@angular/forms';

export type FormFor<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]: FormControl<T[P]>;
};

export type FormWithSubFor<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]: T[P] extends Record<string, unknown> ? FormGroup<FormFor<T[P]>> : FormControl<T[P]>;
};

export function castQueryParams(queryParams: Record<string, unknown>, props?: string[]): Record<string, unknown> {
  const mapped: Record<string, unknown> = {};

  const keys = props ?? Object.keys(queryParams);

  for (const key of keys) {
    const value = queryParams[key];

    if (typeof value === 'string' && value.length > 0) {
      if (['true', 'false'].includes(value)) {
        mapped[key] = value === 'true';
      } else if (!isNaN(Number(value))) {
        mapped[key] = Number(value);
      } else {
        mapped[key] = value;
      }
    } else if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
      mapped[key] = value;
    } else if (typeof value === 'number' && value > 0) {
      mapped[key] = value;
    }
  }

  return mapped;
}

Hammerjs-Setup:

import type { EnvironmentProviders, Provider } from '@angular/core';
import { importProvidersFrom, Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { HAMMER_GESTURE_CONFIG, HammerGestureConfig, HammerModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';

@Injectable()
export class HammerConfig extends HammerGestureConfig {
  override overrides = {
    swipe: { velocity: 0.4, threshold: 20 },
    pinch: { enable: false },
    rotate: { enable: false },
  };
}

export function provideHammer(): (Provider | EnvironmentProviders)[] {
  return [
    importProvidersFrom(HammerModule),
    {
      provide: HAMMER_GESTURE_CONFIG,
      useClass: HammerConfig,
    },
  ];
}

Inhaltstyp für HTTP-Anfragen festlegen -interceptors/content-type.interceptor.ts:

import type { HttpInterceptorFn } from '@angular/common/http';

export const contentTypeInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
  if (!req.headers.has('Content-Type') && req.headers.get('enctype') !== 'multipart/form-data') {
    req = req.clone({ headers: req.headers.set('Content-Type', 'application/json') });
  }

  return next(req);
};

Dienst zum Hinzufügen von Klassen zu Komponenten und Anweisungen – Styles/extra-class.service.ts:

import { DestroyRef, ElementRef, inject, Injectable, Renderer2 } from '@angular/core';
import { takeUntilDestroyed } from '@angular/core/rxjs-interop';
import type { Observable, Subscription } from 'rxjs';
import { tap } from 'rxjs';

type Styles = string | string[] | undefined | null;

export function toClass(value: unknown | undefined | null, prefix = 'is'): Styles {
  return value ? `${prefix}-${value}` : undefined;
}

@Injectable()
export class ExtraClassService {
  private readonly destroyRef = inject(DestroyRef);
  private readonly render = inject(Renderer2);
  private readonly elementRef: ElementRef<HTMLElement> = inject(ElementRef);

  private styles: Record<string, Styles> = {};
  private subscriptions: Record<string, Subscription> = {};

  update(key: string, styles: Styles): void {
    if (this.styles[key]) {
      const lastStyles = this.styles[key];
      if (Array.isArray(lastStyles)) {
        lastStyles.map((style) => this.render.removeClass(this.elementRef.nativeElement, style));
      } else if (lastStyles) {
        this.render.removeClass(this.elementRef.nativeElement, lastStyles);
      }
    }
    if (Array.isArray(styles)) {
      styles.map((style) => this.render.addClass(this.elementRef.nativeElement, style));
    } else if (styles) {
      this.render.addClass(this.elementRef.nativeElement, styles);
    }
    this.styles[key] = styles;
  }

  patch(style: string, active: boolean): void {
    if (active) {
      this.render.addClass(this.elementRef.nativeElement, style);
    } else {
      this.render.removeClass(this.elementRef.nativeElement, style);
    }
  }

  register(key: string, observable: Observable<unknown>, callback: () => void, start = true): void {
    if (this.subscriptions[key]) {
      this.unregister(key);
    }
    if (start) {
      callback();
    }
    this.subscriptions[key] = observable
      .pipe(
        tap(() => callback()),
        takeUntilDestroyed(this.destroyRef),
      )
      .subscribe();
  }

  unregister(key: string): void {
    this.subscriptions[key].unsubscribe();
  }
}

Benutzerdefinierte Typen –types/type.ts:

export type ChangeFn = (value: any) => void;

export type TouchedFn = () => void;

export type DisplayFn = (value: any, index?: number) => string;

export type MaskFn = (value: any) => string;

export type StyleFn = (value?: any) => string | string[];

export type CoerceBoolean = boolean | string | undefined | null;

Dienstprogramme zum Arbeiten mit Terminen und Fristen – Dienstprogramme:

export function getDaysBetweenDates(startDate: Date | string, endDate: Date | string): number {
  return Math.round((new Date(endDate).getTime() - new Date(startDate).getTime()) / 86400000);
}

Короткая реализация для uuid:

export function uuidv4(): string {
  return 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, (c) => {
    const r = (Math.random() * 16) | 0;

    const v = c == 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3) | 0x8;

    return v.toString(16);
  });
}

И функция для гуманизации:

export function camelCaseToHumanize(str: string): string {
  return str.replace(/[A-Z]/g, (m) => '-' + m.toLowerCase());
}

В следующей статье будем разрабатывать свой UI KIT.

Ссылки

Все исходники находятся на github, в репозитории - github.com/Fafnur/buy-and-fly

Демо можно посмотреть здесь - buy-and-fly.fafn.ru/

Мои группы: telegram, medium, vk, x.com, linkedin, site

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