循序渐进PostgreSQL:实现PostgreSQL自启动

循序渐进PostgreSQL:实现PostgreSQL自启动 在手动安装（针对源码编译PG或者是解压缩版安装PG的情形）情况下，PG并不是在开机的情况下自动启动，在关机的情况下自动停止，作为DBA人员来说，显然这样的情形是无法接受的。 www.2cto.com 1. windows下的服务自启

循序渐进PostgreSQL:实现PostgreSQL自启动

 

在手动安装（针对源码编译PG或者是解压缩版安装PG的情形）情况下，PG并不是在开机的情况下自动启动，在关机的情况下自动停止，作为DBA人员来说，显然这样的情形是无法接受的。

  www.2cto.com  

1. windows下的服务自启动

 

在Windows下， 可以使用pg_ctl命令生成PostgreSQL服务，并让它自启动。实际上，安装版本也是这么做的。  我们不妨看看pg_ctl命令的详细帮助先：

D:\pg921>pg_ctl --help  

pg_ctl is a utility to initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server.  

  

Usage:  

  pg_ctl init[db]               [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o "OPTIONS"]  

  pg_ctl start   [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-l FILENAME] [-o "OPTIONS"]  

  pg_ctl stop    [-W] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]  

  pg_ctl restart [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]  

                 [-o "OPTIONS"]  

  pg_ctl reload  [-D DATADIR] [-s]  

  pg_ctl status  [-D DATADIR]  

  pg_ctl promote [-D DATADIR] [-s]  

  pg_ctl kill    SIGNALNAME PID  

 pg_ctl register   [-N SERVICENAME] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-D DATADIR]  

                    [-S START-TYPE] [-w] [-t SECS] [-o "OPTIONS"]  

  pg_ctl unregister [-N SERVICENAME]  

  

Common options:  

  -D, --pgdata=DATADIR   location of the database storage area  

  -s, --silent           only print errors, no informational messages  

  -t, --timeout=SECS     seconds to wait when using -w option  

  -V, --version          output version information, then exit  

  -w                     wait until operation completes  

  -W                     do not wait until operation completes  

  -?, --help             show this help, then exit  

(The default is to wait for shutdown, but not for start or restart.)  

  

If the -D option is omitted, the environment variable PGDATA is used.  

  

Options for start or restart:  

  -c, --core-files       not applicable on this platform  

  -l, --log=FILENAME     write (or append) server log to FILENAME  

  -o OPTIONS             command line options to pass to postgres  

                         (PostgreSQL server executable) or initdb  

  -p PATH-TO-POSTGRES    normally not necessary  

  

Options for stop or restart:  

  -m, --mode=MODE        MODE can be "smart", "fast", or "immediate"  

  

Shutdown modes are:  

  smart       quit after all clients have disconnected  

  fast        quit directly, with proper shutdown  

  immediate   quit without complete shutdown; will lead to recovery on restart  

  

Allowed signal names for kill:  

  ABRT HUP INT QUIT TERM USR1 USR2  

  

Options for register and unregister:  

  -N SERVICENAME  service name with which to register PostgreSQL server  

  -P PASSWORD     password of account to register PostgreSQL server  

  -U USERNAME     user name of account to register PostgreSQL server  

  -S START-TYPE   service start type to register PostgreSQL server  

  

Start types are:  

  auto       start service automatically during system startup (default)  

  demand     start service on demand  

  

Report bugs to .  

从上边可以看出，pg_ctl register用于生成服务，而pg_ctl unregister -N 用于删除一个服务。

如：

D:\pg921>pg_ctl register -N pg921 -D d:\pg921\data -S auto -w -t 10  -l d:/pg921/log/pg921.log -o "-p 5433"

此命令，即是要生成一个服务：pg921, 启动方式： -S auto, 自启动，如果想生成手动启动，就用-S demand来指定。

-t 10，意指等待10秒钟, 实际上可以设定的长一些(在生产环境中). 

-l d:/pg921/log/pg921.log，　指定生成的日志文件的位置。

-o "-p 5433", 将服务端口号改为5433。

验证一下上述命令生成的效果：

D:\pg921>net start pg921  

The pg921 service is starting.  

The pg921 service was started successfully.  

  

  

D:\pg921>psql -p 5433 iihero  

psql (9.2.1)  

Type "help" for help.  

  

iihero=# \q  

 

2. Linux下的服务自启动

 

在Linux下，我们需要写一个自启动的脚本，至少支持两个命令选项： start 和 stop，并将这个脚本建立适当的链接。我们就以Ubuntu10为例，

先看看系统有没有chkconfig命令工具：  www.2cto.com  

xionghe@seanlinux2:~$ chkconfig

程序“chkconfig”尚未安装。  您可以使用以下命令安装：

sudo apt-get install chkconfig

xionghe@seanlinux2:~$ sudo apt-get install chkconfig

脚本内容如下： 放入目录/etc/init.d目录下边

#! /bin/sh  

  

# Installation prefix  

prefix=/home/xionghe/pgsql  

  

# Data directory  

PGDATA="/home/xionghe/pgsql/data"  

  

# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres".  (NOT "root")  

PGUSER=xionghe  

  

# Where to keep a log file  

PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"  

  

# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the  

# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because  

# of the way it accounts for shared memory).  Setting the OOM_ADJ value to  

# -17 will disable OOM kill altogether.  If you enable this, you probably want  

# to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0", so that individual backends  

# can still be killed by the OOM killer.  

#OOM_ADJ=-17  

  

## STOP EDITING HERE  

  

# The path that is to be used for the script  

PATH=/home/xionghe/pgsql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin  

  

# What to use to start up the postmaster.  (If you want the script to wait  

# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.  

# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)  

DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"  

  

# What to use to shut down the postmaster  

PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"  

  

set -e  

  

# Only start if we can find the postmaster.  

test -x $DAEMON ||  

{  

    echo "$DAEMON not found"  

    if [ "$1" = "stop" ]  

    then exit 0  

    else exit 5  

    fi  

}  

  

  

# Parse command line parameters.  

case $1 in  

  start)  

    echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "  

    test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj  

    su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1  

    echo "ok"  

    ;;  

  stop)  

    echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "  

    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"  

    echo "ok"  

    ;;  

  restart)  

    echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "  

    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"  

    test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj  

    su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1  

    echo "ok"  

    ;;  

  reload)  

        echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "  

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"  

        echo "ok"  

        ;;  

  status)  

    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"  

    ;;  

  *)  

    # Print help  

    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2  

    exit 1  

    ;;  

esac  

  

exit 0  

 

建立相应链接：

 

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc0.d/K02postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc1.d/K02postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc2.d/K02postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc3.d/K98postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc4.d/K98postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc5.d/K98postgresql