C# Reflection
Reflection refers to the ability of a program to access, detect, and modify its own state or behavior.
Assemblies contain modules, modules contain types, and types contain members. Reflection provides objects that encapsulate assemblies, modules, and types.
You can use reflection to dynamically create instances of a type, bind a type to an existing object, or obtain a type from an existing object. You can then call the type's methods or access its fields and properties.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
1. Reflection improves the flexibility and scalability of the program.
2. Reduce coupling and improve adaptive capabilities.
3. It allows the program to create and control objects of any class without hardcoding the target class in advance.
Disadvantages:
1. Performance issues: Using reflection is basically an interpretation operation, which needs to be used when accessing fields and methods. Much slower than direct code. Therefore, the reflection mechanism is mainly used in system frameworks that require high flexibility and scalability, and is not recommended for ordinary programs.
2. Using reflection will obscure the internal logic of the program; programmers hope to see the logic of the program in the source code, but reflection bypasses the source code technology, thus causing maintenance The problem is that reflective code is more complex than corresponding direct code.
Uses of Reflection
Reflection has the following uses:
It allows viewing at runtime Attribute information.
It allows inspection of various types in a collection, as well as instantiation of these types.
It allows lazy binding of methods and properties.
It allows creating new types at runtime and then using these types to perform some tasks.
View metadata
We have mentioned in the above chapter that you can use reflection to view attribute information.
System.Reflection The MemberInfo object of the class needs to be initialized to discover the attributes related to the class. To do this, you define an object of the target class as follows:
System.Reflection.MemberInfo info = typeof(MyClass);
The following program demonstrates this:
using System;
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)]
public class HelpAttribute : System.Attribute
{
public readonly string Url;
public string Topic // Topic 是一个命名（named）参数
{
get
{
return topic;
}
set
{
topic = value;
}
}
public HelpAttribute(string url) // url 是一个定位（positional）参数
{
this.Url = url;
}
private string topic;
}
[HelpAttribute("Information on the class MyClass")]
class MyClass
{
}
namespace AttributeAppl
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
System.Reflection.MemberInfo info = typeof(MyClass);
object[] attributes = info.GetCustomAttributes(true);
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.Length; i++)
{
System.Console.WriteLine(attributes[i]);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}When the above code is compiled and executed, it The custom properties attached to class MyClass are displayed:
HelpAttribute
Example
In this example we will use the created in the previous chapter DeBugInfo property and use Reflection to read the metadata in the Rectangle class.
using System;
using System.Reflection;
namespace BugFixApplication
{
// 一个自定义属性 BugFix 被赋给类及其成员
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class |
AttributeTargets.Constructor |
AttributeTargets.Field |
AttributeTargets.Method |
AttributeTargets.Property,
AllowMultiple = true)]
public class DeBugInfo : System.Attribute
{
private int bugNo;
private string developer;
private string lastReview;
public string message;
public DeBugInfo(int bg, string dev, string d)
{
this.bugNo = bg;
this.developer = dev;
this.lastReview = d;
}
public int BugNo
{
get
{
return bugNo;
}
}
public string Developer
{
get
{
return developer;
}
}
public string LastReview
{
get
{
return lastReview;
}
}
public string Message
{
get
{
return message;
}
set
{
message = value;
}
}
}
[DeBugInfo(45, "Zara Ali", "12/8/2012",
Message = "Return type mismatch")]
[DeBugInfo(49, "Nuha Ali", "10/10/2012",
Message = "Unused variable")]
class Rectangle
{
// 成员变量
protected double length;
protected double width;
public Rectangle(double l, double w)
{
length = l;
width = w;
}
[DeBugInfo(55, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012",
Message = "Return type mismatch")]
public double GetArea()
{
return length * width;
}
[DeBugInfo(56, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012")]
public void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length);
Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width);
Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea());
}
}//end class Rectangle
class ExecuteRectangle
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(4.5, 7.5);
r.Display();
Type type = typeof(Rectangle);
// 遍历 Rectangle 类的属性
foreach (Object attributes in type.GetCustomAttributes(false))
{
DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)attributes;
if (null != dbi)
{
Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}", dbi.BugNo);
Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer);
Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}",
dbi.LastReview);
Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message);
}
}
// 遍历方法属性
foreach (MethodInfo m in type.GetMethods())
{
foreach (Attribute a in m.GetCustomAttributes(true))
{
DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)a;
if (null != dbi)
{
Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}, for Method: {1}",
dbi.BugNo, m.Name);
Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer);
Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}",
dbi.LastReview);
Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message);
}
}
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following results:
Length: 4.5 Width: 7.5 Area: 33.75 Bug No: 49 Developer: Nuha Ali Last Reviewed: 10/10/2012 Remarks: Unused variable Bug No: 45 Developer: Zara Ali Last Reviewed: 12/8/2012 Remarks: Return type mismatch Bug No: 55, for Method: GetArea Developer: Zara Ali Last Reviewed: 19/10/2012 Remarks: Return type mismatch Bug No: 56, for Method: Display Developer: Zara Ali Last Reviewed: 19/10/2012 Remarks:
