效果图:
index.php页面:
实例
<?php session_start(); //开启会话 $page_title = '首页'; include ('inc/header.php'); echo '<h2 style="color:red">我是首页</h2>'; //if ((isset($_COOKIE['user_id'])) && basename($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']) != 'logout.php') { if ((isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) && basename($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']) != 'logout.php') { echo '<a href="logout.php">退出</a>'; } else { echo '<a href="login.php">登录</a>'; } include ('inc/footer.php');
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login.php代码:
实例
<?php //开启会话 session_start(); if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') { //加载公共函数库 require ('inc/function.php'); //连接数据库 require ('inc/connect.php'); //验证登录 //$check=true/false; $data=['user_id'=>$user_id, 'user_name'=>$user_name]; list($check, $data) = check_login($dbc, $_POST['email'], $_POST['password']); //验证通过 if ($check) { //设置cookies // setcookie('user_id', $data['user_id']); // setcookie('user_name', $data['user_name']); //设置session会话 $_SESSION['user_id'] = $data['user_id']; $_SESSION['user_name'] = $data['user_name']; //跳转页面 redirect_user('loggedin.php'); } else { //验证失败 $errors = $data; } //关闭数据库连接 mysqli_close($dbc); } //加载 include('login_page.php');
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loggedin.php
实例
<?php //开启会话 session_start(); //if (!isset($_COOKIE['user_id'])) { if (!isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) { require ('inc/function.php'); //跳转到默认首页 redirect_user(); } //如果已经登录 //设置页面标题 $page_title = '已经登录'; include ('inc/header.php'); //打印欢迎信息,并提供退出功能 echo <<< "WELCOME" <h2 style="color:red">登陆成功</h2> <p>欢迎您: {$_SESSION['user_name']}</p> <p><a href="logout.php">退出</a></p> WELCOME; //加载底部 include ('inc/footer.php');
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login_page.php
实例
<?php /医院 * 登录页面并报告错误 * 设置当前页面的标题 * 在login.php中调用 */ $page_title = '用户登录'; //加载头部文件 include('inc/header.php'); //打印错误信息 if (isset($errors) && !empty($errors)) { $errors_msg = '<p style="color:red">'; foreach ($errors as $msg) { $errors_msg .= $msg.'<br>'; } echo $errors_msg.'</p>'; } ?> <h2 style="color:red">用户登录</h2> <form action="login.php" method="post"> <p> <label for="email">邮箱:</label> <!--使用粘性表单技术在文本框中显示用户之前输入的内容,提升用户体验--> <input type="email" name="email" id="email" value="<?php echo isset($_POST['email'])?$_POST['email']:'' ?>"> </p> <p> <label for="password">密码:</label> <input type="password" name="password" id="password" value="<?php echo isset($_POST['password'])?$_POST['password']:'' ?>"> </p> <p><button type="submit" name="submit" id="submit">登录</button></p> </form> <?php include ('inc/footer.php'); //加载底部 ?>
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logout.php:
实例
<?php //开启会话 session_start(); if (!isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) { require ('inc/function.php'); //跳转到默认首页 redirect_user(); } else { //删除cookies // setcookie('user_id', '', time()-3600); // setcookie('user_name','', time()-3600); //删除会话 $_SESSION = []; session_destroy(); setcookie('PHPSESSID', '', time()-3600); } //设置页面标题 $page_title = '已经登录'; include ('inc/header.php'); //打印退出信息,并提供登录功能 echo <<< "WELCOME" <h2 style="color:red">退出成功</h2> <p><a href="login.php">登录</a></p> WELCOME; include ('inc/footer.php');
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connect.php
实例
<?php //创建连接参数: 因为连接参数不会经常变化,所以推荐使用常量 define ('DB_HOST', 'localhost'); define ('DB_USER', 'root'); define ('DB_PASS', 'root'); define ('DB_NAME', 'php'); define ('DB_CHAR', 'utf8'); $dbc = @mysqli_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS, DB_NAME); //连接失败一定会返回错误编号,可以根据编号判断,也可用 $db是否为false进行判断 if (mysqli_connect_errno($dbc)) { echo '连接失败'.mysqli_connect_error($dbc); } mysqli_select_db($dbc, DB_NAME); //选择要操作的数据库 mysqli_set_charset($dbc, DB_CHAR); //设置客户端默认字符编码集
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footer.php
实例
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <style> div{ width: auto; height: 50px; background-color: #0DC5F6; text-align: center; box-shadow: 3px 3px 3px #888; border-radius: 4px; } p { color: white; line-height: 50px; font-style: italic; } </style> <title> <?php //设置当前的页面标题 echo isset($page_title) ? $page_title :'默认标题'; ?> </title> </head> <body> <div> <p>我是底部</p> </div> </body> </html>
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function.php
实例
<?php //登录公共函数库 /医院 * 用户自定义跳转地址 * @param string $page */ function redirect_user($page = 'index.php') { //默认url格式 $url = 'http://'.$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'].dirname($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']); //如果有,去掉url右侧的斜线 $url = rtrim($url, '/\\'); //添加上当前的脚本名称,默认为:index.php $url .= '/'.$page; //跳转到指定目标地址 header('Location:'. $url); //退出当前函数,这是一个好习惯,否则后面代码仍会执行,仅仅不会在当前页面输出罢了 exit(); } /医院 * 验证用户登录 * @param $dbc * @param string $email * @param string $password */ function check_login($dbc, $email='', $password='') { //初始化错误信息数组 $errors = []; //验证邮箱 if (empty($email)) { $errors[] = '邮箱地址不能为空'; } else { //mysqli_real_escape_string():转义字符串的特殊字符 $e = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, trim($email)); } //验证密码 if (empty($password)) { $errors[] = '密码不能为空'; } else { $p = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, trim($password)); } //非空验证通过,即$error数组为空 if (empty($errors)) { //根据邮箱与密码来查询用户id与用户名 $sql = "SELECT `user_id`,`user_name` FROM `user` WHERE `email`='$e' AND `password`=sha1('$p') "; //执行查询 $res = mysqli_query($dbc, $sql); //查询成功应该返回唯一一条记录 if (mysqli_num_rows($res) == 1) { //将查询结果解析到数组中 $row = mysqli_fetch_array($res, MYSQLI_ASSOC); //返回查询结果 // print_r($row);exit(); return [true, $row]; } else { //查询失败 $errors[] = '邮箱或密码不正确,请重新输入'; } } return [false, $errors]; }
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header.php
实例
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <style> div{ width: auto; height: 50px; background-color: #0DC5F6; text-align: center; box-shadow: 3px 3px 3px #888; border-radius: 4px; } p { color: white; line-height: 50px; font-style: italic; } </style> <title> <?php //设置当前的页面标题 echo isset($page_title) ? $page_title :'默认标题'; ?> </title> </head> <body> <div> <p>我是头部</p> </div> </body> </html>
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总结:
使用session之前先要开启会话session_start();
设置cookie(name,value,expire):
setcookie('username', 'peter zhu',time()+60*10); //10分钟后过期
setcookie('email', 'peter@php.cn');
//session会话的所有操作都是通过超全局变量$_SESSION来实现
$_SESSION['user_name'] = 'admin';
$_SESSION['user_id'] = 1;