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CSS控制表格样式_html/css_WEB-ITnose

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Jun 24, 2016 am 11:24 AM

表格是HTML中用来显示比较密集的信息，在HTML早期就有支持。表格的HTML标记较其他元素复杂很多，浏览器也为

标签提供了不少默认样式，所以表格的排版行为也较为复杂。本文讨论了表格的边框模型，以及如何利用CSS3设置条纹样式和视觉反馈。

HTML标记

一个基本的表格标记是这样的：

<table>  <tr>    <th>Firstname</th>    <th>Lastname</th>  </tr>  <tr>    <td>Bill</td>    <td>Gates</td>  </tr>  <tr>    <td>Steven</td>    <td>Jobs</td>  </tr></table>

在Chrome给出的默认样式下看起来是这样的：

表格边框模型

CSS标准中有两种表格边框模型： 分离模型（separate） 和 坍缩模型（collapse） 。在separate模型中，表格相邻单元格的边框是分离的，边框间距由 table 的 border-spacing 指定。尽管这有些反直觉，separate模型却是多数浏览器中的默认值（ border-collapse: separate ）。设置单元格边框后便可看到效果：

td, th {  border: 1px solid #666;}

可以看到单元格边框是分离的：

如果设置为 collapse 模型，边框便会合并：

table{  border-collapse: collapse;}

区分奇偶行

为了显示美观通常会加宽单元格，与此同时却牺牲了同行单元格的视觉关联。这使得用户很难随着一行去阅读信息。在 Bootstrap 中提供了 table-striped 类来区分奇偶行并添加条纹，效果像这样：

实现也很简单，用到了CSS3的 :nth-child() 伪类：

tr:nth-child(odd){  background: #f9f9f9;}

这里的 odd 是关键字，也可以使用数字、包含 n 的函数等，更详细的CSS伪类介绍请参见CSS选择符总结一文。

视觉反馈

为了让用户更容易跟随一行的信息，除了区分奇偶行样式，还可以高亮鼠标所在的行。同时也需要注意，视觉反馈无疑增加了易用性，但视觉反馈的滥用也会使页面显得杂乱无章。具体的样式选择还需要配合整体设计。

高亮光标所在行与高亮奇数行的方式很相似，这里需要使用 :hover 伪类。需要注意的是，表头中的行一般不需高亮。

tr:hover{  background: #f9f9f9;}thead tr:hover{  background: transparent;}

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