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如何运用PHP函数preg_match_all测试正则表达式效果

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-06-13 11:07:261122browse

PHP函数preg_match_all的具体使用方法我们可以在PHP函数preg_match_all实例要求:分别将每一个DIV元素的ID和内容取出,如biuuu,biuuu_2,biuuu_3,php自学网,php自学网2和php自学网3(一些常用的抓站方法就是这样匹配的)

分析:字符串是一个简单的HTML元素,每一个DIV元素对应该一个ID和内容,并且是独立的,首先考虑如何取出一个DIV内的ID值和内容, 如:php自学网,然后匹配其它类似的元素。一个DIV中需要取出两个值,也就是两个匹配的表达式,第一个表达式用于匹配ID值(biuuu),第二个表 达式用于匹配ID的内容(php自学网),正则表达式常用的表达式使用小括号,那么前面的元素将会变成如下形式:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span></span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"(biuuu)"</span><span class="tag">></span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span>(php自学网)</span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span> </span></span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"(表达式1)"</span><span class="tag">></span></span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span>(表达式2)</span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>  </span></span></span></li>
</ol>

好,使用如上小括号把需要匹配的区域进行了划分,接下来就是如何匹配各个表达式内的内容,我们猜想一个ID可能是字母,数字或下划线,那这就变得简单了,使用中括号就可以实现,如下:

表达式1:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+ (表示匹配大小写字母,数字和下划线)

那如何匹配表达式2,因为ID的内容可以是任意的字符,但是要注意,不能匹配字符,因为如果匹配这两个字符将会把后面使用的DIV都匹配出来,因此需要排除这两个字符开始的元素,也就是不匹配以字符,如下:

表达式2:[^]+ (表示不匹配字符)

这样,PHP函数preg_match_all需要匹配的子表达式就实现了,但是还要需要匹配一个的表达式,方法如下:

表达式:/ '"(表达式1)"'>(表达式2)/

注意其中的双引号"和/需要使用转义字符转义,然后把前面两个表达式放进去,如下:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt">
<span><span>'"([a-z0-9_]+)"'</span><span class="tag">></span></span><span><span>/</span></span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"([a-z0-9_]+)"</span><span class="tag">></span></span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span>([^</span><span class="tag"><span class="tag">></span><span>]+)</span></span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>/   </span></span></span></li>
</ol>

这样就实现一个匹配每一个DIV元素ID值和内容的正则表达式,然后使用preg_match_all函数测试如下:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>$</span><span class="attribute">html</span><span> = </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value">'</span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value">php自学网</span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value"></span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value"></span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value">php自学网2</span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value"></span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value"></span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value">php自学网3</span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span><span class="attribute-value">'</span><span>;   </span></span></li>
<li><span>preg_match_all('/</span></li>
<li><span class="tag"><span class="attribute">divsid</span><span class="tag-name">divsid</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"([a-z0-9_]+)"</span><span class="tag">></span></span></li>
<li>
<span>([^</span><span class="tag"><span class="tag">></span><span>]+)</span></span>
</li>
<li><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>/'</span><span>,$html,$result);   </span></span></li>
<li class="alt"><span>var_dump($result);  </span></li>
</ol>

PHP函数preg_match_all示例结果:

<ol class="dp-xml">
<li class="alt"><span><span>array(3) {   </span></span></li>
<li>
<span>[0]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> array(3)   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>{   </span></li>
<li>
<span>[0]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(30) "<br></span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"biuuu"</span><span class="tag">></span><span>php自学网</span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>"   </span></span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>[1]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(33) "<br></span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"biuuu_2"</span><span class="tag">></span><span>php自学网2</span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>"   </span></span>
</li>
<li>
<span>[2]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(33) "<br></span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">div</span><span> </span><span class="attribute">id</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">"biuuu_3"</span><span class="tag">></span><span>php自学网3</span><span class="tag"></span><span class="tag-name">div</span><span class="tag">></span><span>"   </span></span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>}   </span></li>
<li>
<span>[1]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> array(3)   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>{   </span></li>
<li>
<span>[0]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(5) "biuuu"   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>[1]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(7) "biuuu_2"   </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>[2]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(7) "biuuu_3"   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>}   </span></li>
<li>
<span>[2]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> array(3)   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>{   </span></li>
<li>
<span>[0]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(8) "php自学网"   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt">
<span>[1]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(9) "php自学网2"   </span>
</li>
<li>
<span>[2]=</span><span class="tag">></span><span> string(9) "php自学网3"   </span>
</li>
<li class="alt"><span>}   </span></li>
<li><span>}  </span></li>
</ol>

共有三个表达式,分别显示每一个表达式匹配的值,并以数组的形式存储,这样就把每一个DIV元素的ID和内容取出。使用正则表达式最主要还是要知道需要什么,然后跟椐需要进行匹配,并且思路清晰,并适当的借助PHP函数preg_match_all进行输出调试,非常方便。


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